Explain the structural parts of a formal letter.

A formal letter written in the complete block format has the following parts (all aligned to the left margin):

1. Heading / Sender's address: the writer's address (or the printed letterhead of the organisation) at the top; the sender's name is not written here.
2. Date: the date of writing, preferably in the unambiguous form "17 June 2025".
3. Inside address: the name/designation, organisation and full address of the receiver.
4. Reference / Attention line (optional): reference number of an earlier letter or order; "Kind attn.: Mr. ..." to direct the letter to a person.
5. Subject line: a brief statement of the purpose of the letter, e.g. "Subject: Request for leave".
6. Salutation: the greeting, e.g. "Dear Sir/Madam", "Respected Sir".
7. Body: usually three parts – an opening paragraph stating the purpose, middle paragraph(s) giving details, and a closing paragraph stating the action expected or goodwill.
8. Complimentary close: a polite closing that matches the salutation, e.g. "Yours faithfully" (with Dear Sir/Madam) or "Yours sincerely" (with a named person).
9. Signature block: signature, followed by the writer's name and designation.
10. Enclosure (Encl.): lists documents attached with the letter.
11. Copy notation (cc) (optional): names of others who receive a copy.