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(a) Siphonogamy: The transfer of non-motile male gametes to the egg through a pollen tube is called siphonogamy (seen in angiosperms and gymnosperms).

(b) Parthenocarpy: The development of fruit without fertilization is called parthenocarpy; such fruits are seedless, e.g. banana, grapes. It can be induced by auxins or gibberellins.

(c) Polyembryony: The occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed is called polyembryony, e.g. Citrus (orange, lemon), mango.

Doubtly AI · 28 Oct 2026 AI-verified · Oct 2026 Report
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