Q.22 (a) Write the reducing agents used to convert Fe2O3 to ‘Fe’ in the reduction zone of blast furnace.
(b) Write chemical equations involved in :
(i) Carbylamine reaction for ethylamine.
(ii) Hoffmann Bromamide degradation for acetamide.
Best answer
Answer: (a) Carbon monoxide (CO) and coke (C); (b) equations below.
(a) In the reduction zone the main reducing agent is carbon monoxide (with coke/carbon at higher temperature): \(\mathrm{Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO_2}\); \(\mathrm{Fe_2O_3 + 3C \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO}\).
(b)(i) Carbylamine reaction: \(\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2 + CHCl_3 + 3KOH(alc.) \xrightarrow{\Delta} C_2H_5NC + 3KCl + 3H_2O}\). Ethyl isocyanide (ethyl carbylamine) with an offensive smell is formed; this is a test for primary amines.
(b)(ii) Hofmann bromamide degradation: \(\mathrm{CH_3CONH_2 + Br_2 + 4NaOH \rightarrow CH_3NH_2 + Na_2CO_3 + 2NaBr + 2H_2O}\). Methylamine has one carbon less than acetamide.
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