Define the following terms :(a) Isotonic solution(b) Colligative properties

Answer:

(a) Isotonic solutions: Two or more solutions having the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions (e.g. 0.9% NaCl solution and blood fluid). No osmosis occurs between them when they are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

(b) Colligative properties: Properties of dilute solutions of non-volatile solutes that depend only on the number of solute particles (molecules or ions) present in a given amount of solvent, and not on the nature of the solute, are called colligative properties. They are relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure.