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Answer:

First law: Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit changes, an e.m.f. is induced in the circuit. The induced e.m.f. lasts only as long as the flux keeps changing.

Second law: The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linked with the circuit:

\[e = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}\quad(\text{for } N \text{ turns, } e = -N\frac{d\Phi}{dt})\]

The negative sign (Lenz’s law) shows that the induced e.m.f. opposes the change in flux that produces it.

Doubtly AI · 28 Oct 2026 AI-verified · Oct 2026 Report
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