Interpret the given diagrams A and B. Enlist the changes occuring during inspiration and expiration.[Figure: Two diagrams of the human chest. A – air arrow pointing down into the trachea, rib cage expanded and the diaphragm pulled down (arrow pointin…

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Q.31 Interpret the given diagrams A and B. Enlist the changes occuring during inspiration and expiration. [Figure: Two diagrams of the human chest. A – air arrow pointing down into the trachea, rib cage expanded and the diaphragm pulled down (arrow pointing downward). B – air arrow pointing up out of the trachea, rib cage lowered and the diaphragm raised into a dome (arrow pointing upward).]

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Answer: Diagram A shows inspiration and diagram B shows expiration. Inspiration (A)Expiration (B) An active process.Normally a passive process. Diaphragm contracts and becomes flat (moves down).Diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped (moves up). External intercostal muscles contract; ribs and sternum move upward and outward.External intercostal muscles relax (internal intercostals contract in forced expiration); ribs and sternum move downward and inward. Volume of thoracic cavity increases (dorso-ventrally and antero-posteriorly).Volume of thoracic cavity decreases. Lungs expand; pressure in lungs falls below atmospheric pressure.Lungs are compressed (elastic recoil); pressure in lungs rises above atmospheric pressure. Air rushes into the lungs.Air is expelled out of the lungs.

Interpret the given diagrams A and B. Enlist the changes occuring during inspiration and expiration.[Figure: Two diagrams of the human chest. A – air arrow pointing down into the trachea, rib cage expanded and the diaphragm pulled down (arrow pointin…

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Inspiration (A)	Expiration (B)
An active process.	Normally a passive process.
Diaphragm contracts and becomes flat (moves down).	Diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped (moves up).
External intercostal muscles contract; ribs and sternum move upward and outward.	External intercostal muscles relax (internal intercostals contract in forced expiration); ribs and sternum move downward and inward.
Volume of thoracic cavity increases (dorso-ventrally and antero-posteriorly).	Volume of thoracic cavity decreases.
Lungs expand; pressure in lungs falls below atmospheric pressure.	Lungs are compressed (elastic recoil); pressure in lungs rises above atmospheric pressure.
Air rushes into the lungs.	Air is expelled out of the lungs.