Topic: Purification: crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction· Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

The most suitable method of separation of 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenols is :

1. Chromatography

2. Crystallisation

3. Steam distillation

4. Sublimation

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Answer: 3. Steam distillation

Key idea: o-nitrophenol is steam volatile, p-nitrophenol is not.

o-Nitrophenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding, so it has lower boiling point and is steam volatile. p-Nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding, so it is associated and non-volatile. Steam distillation separates them: o- distils over with steam, p- stays behind.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report

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The most suitable method of separation of 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenols is :

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