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Answer: 4. Amensalism

Key idea: In amensalism one species is harmed while the other is unaffected.

Antibiotics are chemicals secreted by microbes such as Penicillium, which harm other microbes while the producer is not affected. This is amensalism (antibiosis), and it is used to make antibiotics. Commensalism, parasitism and mutualism do not fit.

Answer: option 4.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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