Topic: Plant kingdom: algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms· Diversity in Living World

Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because :

1. its embryo is immature.

2. it has obligate association with mycorrhizae.

3. it has very hard seed coat.

4. its seeds contain inhibitors that prevent germination.

Doubtly Asked 30 Oct 2026 NEET UG 2019 Practice test neet Save WhatsApp Report

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Answer: 2. it has obligate association with mycorrhizae.

Key idea: Pinus roots have an obligate mycorrhizal association.

The fungus helps absorb water and minerals; without it, Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish properly. The other options (immature embryo, hard seed coat, germination inhibitors) are not the NCERT reason.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report

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Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because :

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