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Topic: Light reactions, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmosis· Plant Physiology

Which of the following combinations is required for chemiosmosis?

1. proton pump, electron gradient, NADP synthase

2. membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase

3. membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, NADP synthase

4. proton pump, electron gradient, ATP synthase

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Answer: 2. membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase

Key idea: Chemiosmosis needs a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Protons are pumped across the membrane to build the gradient, and then flow back through ATP synthase, making ATP. NADP synthase does not exist, and "electron gradient" is wrong. Option 2.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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