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Answer: 4. C, D and E only

Key idea: the dark (biosynthetic) reaction uses the ATP and NADPH made in the light reaction, together with \(CO_2\).

\(CO_2\) (C), ATP (D) and NADPH (E) are directly required. Light and chlorophyll are needed only for the light reaction; the Calvin cycle does not use them directly.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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