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Answer: 4. Protoplasts

Key idea: in somatic hybridization, protoplasts of two varieties or species are fused.

Cell walls are removed with enzymes to get protoplasts, which are then fused (with PEG or electrofusion). The fused cell is cultured to form a hybrid plant. Pollen, callus and somatic embryos are not what is fused.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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