First Year (FE)
- How do time (chronemics) and silence act as non-verbal cues in professional communication? In one line Chronemics is the message sent by how we use time, and silence is the message sent by not speaking; both say a lot without words... 1
- What are mechanical and physical barriers to communication, and how can they be overcome? In one line Mechanical barriers come from faulty equipment or channels, and physical barriers come from the surroundings, such as noise, dis... 1
- What are semantic and linguistic barriers to communication, with examples from engineering workplaces? In one line Semantic and linguistic barriers arise when words, symbols or language itself cause the message to be misunderstood. Explained s... 1
- What are psychological barriers to communication, such as prejudice, emotions and poor attention? In one line Psychological barriers are mental and emotional states of the sender or receiver that distort or block a message. Explained simp... 1
- What are socio-cultural barriers to communication, and how do cultural differences cause misunderstanding? In one line Socio-cultural barriers arise when differences in culture, values, customs, religion, social status or gender roles make people... 1
- What are downward, upward and horizontal flows of formal communication in an organisation? In one line Formal communication follows the official chain of command and flows downward (superior to subordinate), upward (subordinate to... 1
- What is grapevine communication, what are its types, and what are its merits and demerits? In one line The grapevine is the informal, unofficial network through which information spreads by personal and social contact, regardless o... 1
- What is the working principle of a DC motor and how does Fleming's left-hand rule apply? In one line A DC motor works because a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force F = BIl , and the commutato... 1
- What is back EMF in a DC motor and why is it important for the motor's operation? In one line Back EMF is the voltage generated in the rotating armature of a DC motor that opposes the supply voltage; it automatically contr... 1
- How does a three-phase supply create a rotating magnetic field in an induction motor stator? In one line When a balanced three-phase current flows in three stator windings placed 120° apart in space, the combined flux has constant ma... 1
- What are the main parts of a DC motor and what is the function of each part? In one line A DC motor consists of a stationary field system (yoke, poles, field winding) and a rotating armature (armature core, winding, c... 1
- How does a three-phase induction motor work, and what is slip? In one line The rotating stator field cuts the rotor conductors, induces currents in them, and the resulting force drags the rotor along in... 1
- What are the types of DC motors and where are shunt, series and compound motors used? In one line DC motors are classified by how the field winding is connected to the armature: separately excited and self-excited (shunt, seri... 1
- Where are BLDC motors used, and what are their advantages and limitations? In one line BLDC motors are used wherever high efficiency, long life, quiet operation and precise speed control matter, such as fans, electr... 1
- How is a three-phase induction motor constructed, and how do squirrel-cage and slip-ring rotors compare? In one line A three-phase induction motor has a stator with a distributed three-phase winding in a laminated slotted core, and a rotor that... 1
- Why is a single-phase induction motor not self-starting, according to double revolving field theory? In one line A single-phase winding produces a pulsating (not rotating) flux, which can be split into two equal fields rotating in opposite d... 1
- What are the types of single-phase induction motors and where is each type used? In one line Single-phase induction motors are named by how they create starting torque: split-phase, capacitor-start, capacitor-start capaci... 1
- What is a BLDC motor and how does electronic commutation replace brushes? In one line A brushless DC (BLDC) motor has permanent magnets on the rotor and windings on the stator, and an electronic controller switches... 1
- What is the structure of a bipolar junction transistor and why are its three regions doped differently? In one line A BJT is a three-layer semiconductor device (n-p-n or p-n-p) with an emitter, a base and a collector forming two p-n junctions;... 1
- What is the structure of a junction field effect transistor and how is it different from a BJT? In one line A JFET is a bar of n-type (or p-type) semiconductor forming a channel between source and drain, with heavily doped regions of th... 1
- How does an NPN transistor work in the active region, and what are alpha and beta? In one line In the active region, the forward-biased emitter-base junction injects electrons into the thin base, almost all of which are swe... 1
- What are the input and output characteristics of a BJT in common emitter configuration? In one line In common emitter (CE) configuration, the input characteristic is I_B versus V_BE at constant V_CE , and the output characterist... 1
- How does an n-channel JFET operate, and what are pinch-off and its drain characteristics? In one line In an n-channel JFET, a negative gate-source voltage widens the depletion regions and narrows the channel, reducing drain curren... 1
- How is an enhancement MOSFET built, and how does a gate voltage create a conducting channel? In one line An enhancement n-channel MOSFET has n^+ source and drain regions in a p-type substrate and a metal gate insulated by a thin oxid... 1