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Answer: Both countries have tropical evergreen, deciduous, thorny and mangrove forests, but Brazil is dominated by the vast Amazon evergreen forest, while most of India has deciduous forests and India also has Himalayan (coniferous and alpine) forests.
| Brazil | India |
|---|---|
| A very large area is under forest; the Amazon basin has the world’s largest equatorial (tropical) evergreen rainforest. | Forest cover is comparatively less; tropical evergreen forests are found only in the Western Ghats, north-east India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. |
| Semi-deciduous forests and savanna grasslands (campos) cover much of the Brazilian Highlands. | Tropical deciduous (monsoon) forests are the most widespread type and cover most of the country. |
| Thorny scrub (caatinga) is found in the dry north-east. | Thorny forests and bushes are found in the dry areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the rain-shadow Deccan. |
| Mangroves are found along parts of the Atlantic coast. | Mangrove forests are found in deltas, e.g. the Sundarbans. |
| Coniferous forests are limited to Araucaria (pine) forests in the cooler south. | Himalayan forests change with height: coniferous forests and alpine vegetation are found on the Himalayas. |
Brazil is dominated by dense equatorial evergreen forests of the Amazon basin, while most of India is covered by monsoon deciduous forests; India also has Himalayan forests, which Brazil does not have.
| Forests of Brazil | Forests of India |
|---|---|
| Tropical evergreen (equatorial) rainforests of the Amazon basin cover a large part of northern Brazil; this is the largest rainforest in the world. | Tropical evergreen forests are found only in limited areas: the Western Ghats, north-east India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. |
| Deciduous forests are found in parts of the Brazilian Highlands, mixed with savanna grasslands. | Tropical deciduous (monsoon) forests are the most widespread type, covering most of the country (teak, sal, bamboo). |
| Thorny bush-type vegetation (caatinga) is found in the dry north-east (the Drought Quadrilateral). | Thorny and bush-type vegetation is found in the dry regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the rain-shadow parts of the Deccan. |
| Brazil has no high fold mountains, so there are no Himalayan-type coniferous forests; mixed forests with pine-like trees occur in the cooler south. | Himalayan forests change with altitude, from deciduous to coniferous (pine, deodar, fir) and alpine vegetation. |
| Extensive savanna and grasslands (campos) are found in the central highlands and the south. | Grasslands are limited in extent. |
| Coastal (mangrove) forests occur along parts of the Atlantic coast. | Mangrove forests (Sundarbans with sundari trees) occur in river deltas on the east coast. |
| More than half of Brazil's area is under forest. | Only about one-fifth of India's area is under forest. |
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