Compare the transport systems of India and Brazil.
Q.7 (3) Compare the transport systems of India and Brazil.
Answer:
| Brazil | India |
|---|---|
| Roads: Road transport is the most important mode. Roads are dense in the south-east; highways such as the Trans-Amazonian Highway connect the interior. | Roads: A large network of national and state highways and rural roads; the Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. |
| Railways: Less developed and concentrated mainly in the south-east, where they carry minerals and farm produce to the ports. | Railways: One of the largest railway networks in the world; it is the main mode for long-distance passengers and bulk goods. |
| Waterways: The Amazon is navigable for a long distance; ocean-going ships can reach Manaus. Ports such as Santos and Rio de Janeiro handle foreign trade. | Waterways: Inland waterways (e.g. on the Ganga) are limited; major ports such as Mumbai, JNPT, Kandla, Chennai and Kolkata handle foreign trade. |
| Air transport: Important for reaching the remote, forested interior where roads and railways are few. | Air transport: Connects major cities within the country and with other countries; it is also important in hilly and remote areas. |
Conclusion: Brazil depends mainly on roads and air transport because of the Amazon forests and the highlands, while India has a well-developed railway network along with roads.