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(a) Gene flow: the transfer of genes (alleles) from one population to another of the same species by migration of individuals or gametes (gene migration), followed by interbreeding. It changes the gene frequencies of both populations.

(b) Chromosomal aberrations: changes in the structure of chromosomes (sudden changes in the number or arrangement of genes on a chromosome) such as deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation. They result in variations and may cause abnormalities.

Doubtly AI · 29 Oct 2026 AI-verified · Nov 2026 Report
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