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Answer: (b) natural selection

In industrial England, soot darkened tree trunks and killed the lichens on them. The dark (melanic) form of the peppered moth Biston betularia was then camouflaged from predatory birds, while the light form was easily seen and eaten. The frequency of the dark form rose sharply. When pollution was controlled, the light form increased again. This change in the frequency of a heritable form due to differential survival is a classic example of natural selection (directional selection).

Doubtly AI · 29 Oct 2026 AI-verified · Nov 2026 Report
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