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Answer: 4. Disulphide bridges

Key idea: Insulin has two chains, A (21 amino acids) and B (30 amino acids), held together by disulphide bridges (S-S bonds) between cysteine residues.

Peptide bonds join amino acids inside each chain. The two chains are not joined by hydrogen bonds or phosphodiester bonds; phosphodiester bonds occur in nucleic acids. Hence option (4).

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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