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Answer: 4. affects the overall V \(-\) I characteristics of p-n junction

Heating changes the number of thermally generated electron-hole pairs, so both the carrier concentration and the barrier behaviour change.

This alters the current for a given voltage in forward bias and also the reverse saturation current. Hence the whole V-I characteristic, and so both forward and reverse resistance, are affected. Options 1 to 3 each restrict the effect wrongly.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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