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Answer: 2. Mg

In an Ellingham diagram, a metal can reduce an oxide only if its own oxide-formation line lies below that of the oxide to be reduced at the working temperature.

The \(\mathrm{Al_2O_3}\) line lies below the lines of the oxides of Fe, Zn and Cu at all usual temperatures, so these metals cannot reduce alumina. The \(\mathrm{MgO}\) line lies below the \(\mathrm{Al_2O_3}\) line at lower temperatures (below about 1350 C), so Mg can reduce alumina in that range.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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