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Answer: 1. A, B and D only

Key idea: the "evil quartet" of biodiversity loss is habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation, alien species invasion and co-extinction.

A (over-exploitation), B (co-extinction) and D (habitat loss and fragmentation) are major causes. Mutation (C) is a natural source of variation and migration (E) is movement of organisms; neither is a major cause of loss.

Doubtly AI · 30 Oct 2026 AI-generated · not yet verified Report
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