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On the basis of magnetic properties, the substances are classified into three.
(a) What are these three classifications?
(b) Explain each of them.
(c) Give three examples for each.

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(a) On the basis of magnetic properties, different materials are classified into

  • Diamagnetic substances
  • Paramagnetic substances
  • Ferromagnetic substances

(b) On the basis of magnetic properties, different materials are classified into

  • Dia magnetic substances
  • Paramagnetic substances
  • Ferromagnetic substances

Diamagnetic substances are those substances in which the individual atom or molecule or ion does not possess any net magnetic moment of their own. These substances experience a very weak repulsive force in a magnetic field.
Example: Antimony, Bismuth, Copper, Gold, Quartz, Mercury, Lead, Water, Alcohol, Air, Hydrogen etc.

Paramagnetic substances are those substances in which the individual atom or molecule or ion possesses a net non-zero magnetic moment of their own. These substances experience a weak attractive force in a magnetic field.
Example: Aluminium, Platinum, Chromium, Manganese, Sodium, Copper chloride, Crown glass, Liquid oxygen, Salt solutions of iron and nickel.

Ferromagnetic substances are those substances in which each individual atom or molecule or ion possesses a non-zero magnetic moment. These substances experience a very strong force of attraction in a magnetic field.
Example: Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, etc.

(c) Based on the values and signs of susceptibility and permeability, we classify materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and (or) ferromagnetic. It is now better to have a glance at the table.  

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