First Year (FE)
- What are the basic units of writing: words, sentences and paragraphs, and how do they build meaning? In one line Words combine into sentences that express complete thoughts, and related sentences combine into paragraphs that develop one idea... 1
- What is coherence in writing, and what is the CSI (Chronological, Spatial, Importance) order of organisation? In one line Coherence is the logical flow of ideas that makes a piece of writing make sense as a whole, and CSI order (Chronological, Spatia... 1
- What are cohesive devices like referencing, repetition, substitution, ellipsis and transition signals? In one line Cohesive devices are the language tools that link sentences and paragraphs so that writing reads as one connected text instead o... 1
- What is the structure of a good paragraph: topic sentence, supporting ideas and concluding sentence? In one line A good paragraph has a topic sentence that states the main idea, supporting sentences that explain and prove it, and a concludin... 1
- What do completeness, conciseness, consideration and concreteness mean among the Seven Cs of business writing? In one line The first four of the Seven Cs ask a business message to include all needed information, use no unnecessary words, keep the read... 1
- What do clarity, courtesy and correctness mean among the Seven Cs of business writing? In one line The last three of the Seven Cs ask a business message to be easy to understand, polite and respectful, and accurate in facts, gr... 1
- What are the parts of a formal letter in complete block format, and how is it laid out? In one line In complete (full) block format every part of the letter starts at the left margin with no indentation, and the parts appear in... 1
- How do you write a formal request or permission letter, such as for an industrial visit? In one line A request or permission letter politely asks for information, a facility or approval, clearly stating what is needed, why, and w... 1
- How do you write a claim (complaint) letter about defective goods or poor service? In one line A claim letter reports a problem with goods or services factually and requests a specific remedy such as replacement, repair or... 1
- How do you write an adjustment letter replying to a customer's claim or complaint? In one line An adjustment letter is a company's reply to a claim letter that grants, partly grants or politely refuses the claim while rebui... 1
- How do you write a persuasive sales letter using the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) plan? In one line A sales letter persuades the reader to buy a product or service, and the AIDA plan structures it as Attention, Interest, Desire... 1
- How do you write a professional e-mail, and what are the rules of e-mail etiquette? In one line A professional e-mail is a short, clear, polite electronic message with a specific subject line, proper greeting, focused conten... 1
- What are the impersonal, indirect, direct and imperative styles of writing instructions, and which is best? In one line Instructions can be written in four styles (impersonal, indirect, direct and imperative), and the imperative style is usually th... 1
- How do you describe an object's function, draw a labelled diagram and describe its labelled parts in instructions? In one line Before giving steps, good user instructions explain what the object or process is for, show a neat labelled diagram, and briefly... 1
- How do you write clear step-by-step user instructions for a device or process? In one line User instructions are numbered, sequential steps, written mostly in the imperative style, that tell a user exactly how to comple... 1
- What is the difference between Note, Caution, Warning and Danger notices in user instructions? In one line Special notices alert users to information or hazards, and in increasing order of severity they are Note, Caution, Warning and D... 1
- How do you write an engaging blog post that informs readers and holds their attention? In one line A blog post is an informal, informative online article with a catchy title, clear structure and conversational tone, written to... 1
- How do you write effective social media posts for a brand, event or college club? In one line An effective social media post is a short, audience-specific message with a strong first line, a clear visual, relevant hashtags... 1
- What is a landing page, and how do you write content for one on an e-commerce site? In one line A landing page is a single, focused web page designed to make the visitor take one specific action, such as buying, signing up o... 1
- How do you write a good YouTube video description and an effective podcast title? In one line A YouTube video description and a podcast title help the right audience find and choose your content, so both must be clear, key... 1
- What does listening for details mean, and how do you score well in fill-in-the-blank listening tasks? In one line Listening for details means catching specific information such as names, numbers, dates, prices, spellings and facts from what y... 1
- What is listening for gist, and how do you identify the main idea of a talk? In one line Listening for gist means understanding the overall message, main idea or theme of what you hear, without catching every word. Ex... 1
- What is listening for inference, and how do you understand what a speaker implies? In one line Listening for inference means working out what the speaker means but does not say directly, using tone, word choice and context.... 1
- How do language labs and open-source platforms help improve listening proficiency? In one line Language labs and free online platforms give students repeated, self-paced practice with real spoken English, which steadily imp... 1