Ecology and Environment

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Match List I with List II :List I: A. The Evil Quartet B. Ex situ conservation C. Lantana camara D. DodoList II: I. Cryopreservation II. Alien species invasion III. Causes of biodiversity losses IV. ExtinctionChoose the correct matches. Answer: 2. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV Key idea: Biodiversity conservation terms. The Evil Quartet: the causes of biodiversity losses (A-III). Ex... Biodiversity conservation: hotspots, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sacred groves 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : In ecosystem, there is unidirectional flow of energy of sun from producers to consumers.Statement II : Ecosystems are exempted from 2nd law of thermodynamics.In the light of the above statements, choose t… Answer: 3. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect Key idea: Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional, and it obeys thermo... Energy flow and ecological pyramids 1 answer
Which one of the following equations represents the Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth of population? Answer: 2. dN/dt = rN((K - N)/K) Key idea: The Verhulst-Pearl logistic equation includes the carrying capacity K. dN/dt=rN(K-N/K) When N is... Population attributes: growth, birth and death rate, age distribution 1 answer
Who is known as the father of Ecology in India? Answer: 2. Ramdeo Misra Key idea: Ramdeo Misra is known as the father of Ecology in India. S. R. Kashyap and Ram Udar are known for work on... Ecosystem patterns and components 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : Fig fruit is a non-vegetarian fruit as it has enclosed fig wasps in it.Statement II : Fig wasp and fig tree exhibit mutual relationship as fig wasp completes its life cycle in fig fruit and fig fruit gets… Answer: 2. Both statement I and statement II are incorrect Key idea: Both statements fail when read strictly. Statement I is incorrect. A fi... Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 1 answer
Which of the following is the unit of productivity of an Ecosystem? Answer: 4. (KCal m⁻²)yr⁻¹ Key idea: Productivity is the rate of biomass or energy production per unit area per unit time. So it needs an are... Productivity and decomposition 1 answer
Which one of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation? Answer: 3. Zoos and botanical gardens Key idea: Ex-situ conservation means protecting species outside their natural habitat. Zoos and botani... Biodiversity conservation: hotspots, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sacred groves 1 answer
Epiphytes that are growing on a mango branch is an example of which of the following? Answer: 1. Commensalism Key idea: Commensalism is an interaction where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. An e... Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : The primary source of energy in an ecosystem is solar energy.Statement II : The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis in an ecosystem is called net primary productivity (NPP).In the l… Answer: 3. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect Key idea: Statement II defines the wrong term. Statement I is correct: solar... Productivity and decomposition 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : Gause's competitive exclusion principle states that two closely related species competing for different resources cannot exist indefinitely.Statement II : According to Gause's principle, during competitio… Answer: 1. Statement I is false but Statement II is true. Statement I is false. Gause's principle says two closely related species competing... Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 1 answer
Match List I with List IIList I: A. Robert May; B. Alexander von Humboldt; C. Paul Ehrlich; D. David TilmanList II: I. Species-Area relationship; II. Long term ecosystem experiment using out door plots; III. Global species diversity at about 7 millio… Answer: 3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II Key idea: link each scientist with the idea they are known for. Robert May: global species diversity about... Biodiversity: concept, patterns, importance, loss 1 answer
In an ecosystem if the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of first trophic level is100x (kcal m^-2) yr^-1, what would be the GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) of the third trophic level of the same ecosystem? Answer: 4. 10x (kcal m⁻²) yr⁻¹ Key idea: the energy a trophic level can pass on is its net productivity; about 10 percent of it is stored by... Energy flow and ecological pyramids 1 answer
Tropical regions show greatest level of species richness becauseA. Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years, hence more time was available for species diversification.B. Tropical environments are more seasonal.C.… Answer: 2. A, C, D and E only Key idea: tropics have more species because they are stable, predictable and energy rich. A (long undisturbed... Biodiversity: concept, patterns, importance, loss 1 answer
The type of conservation in which the threatened species are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care is called; Answer: 3. Biodiversity conservation Key idea: removing threatened species from their natural habitat and caring for them in a special setti... Biodiversity conservation: hotspots, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sacred groves 1 answer
List of endangered species was released by- Answer: 1. IUCN Key idea: the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) publishes the Red List of threatened species. GEAC appro... Biodiversity conservation: hotspots, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sacred groves 1 answer
These are regarded as major causes of biodiversity loss:A. Over exploitationB. Co-extinctionC. MutationD. Habitat loss and fragmentationE. MigrationChoose the correct option: Answer: 1. A, B and D only Key idea: the "evil quartet" of biodiversity loss is habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation, alien spe... Biodiversity: concept, patterns, importance, loss 1 answer
The equation of Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth isdN/dt = rN≤ft[K-N/K].From this equation, K indicates: Answer: 4. Carrying capacity Key idea: in the Verhulst-Pearl logistic equation, K is the carrying capacity. In dN/dt=rN[K-N/K] , N is popula... Population attributes: growth, birth and death rate, age distribution 1 answer
Which of the following statements is correct? Answer: 3. Biomagnification refers to increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels. Key idea: Look at each stateme... Biodiversity: concept, patterns, importance, loss 1 answer
Given below are two statements:Statement I: Electrostatic precipitator is most widely used in thermal power plant.Statement II: Electrostatic precipitator in thermal power plant removes ionising radiationsIn the light of the above statements, choose… Answer: 4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. Key idea: An electrostatic precipitator removes particulate matter, not rad... Biodiversity: concept, patterns, importance, loss 1 answer
Match List I with List II.List I: A. Logistic growth; B. Exponential growth; C. Expanding age pyramid; D. Stable age pyramidList II: I. Unlimited resource availability condition; II. Limited resource availability condition; III. The percent individua… Answer: 2. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV Key idea: Link each growth form or pyramid to its condition. Logistic growth: limited resources (II). Expo... Population attributes: growth, birth and death rate, age distribution 1 answer
Match List I with List II :List I (Interaction) | List II (Species A and B)A. Mutualism | I. +(A), O(B)B. Commensalism | II. -(A), O(B)C. Amensalism | III. +(A), -(B)D. Parasitism | IV. +(A), +(B)Choose the correct answer from the options given below… Answer: 3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III Key idea: Use the signs for effect on species A and B. Mutualism: +, + (IV). Commensalism: + for A, 0 for... Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : Gause's 'Competitive Exclusion Principle' states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually… Answer: 4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false. Key idea: Statement I is Gause's principle, which is correct. Statement II is f... Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 1 answer
Match List I with List II.List I (Interacting species): A. A Leopard and a Lion in a forest/grassland; B. A Cuckoo laying egg in a Crow's nest; C. Fungi and root of a higher plant in Mycorrtizae; D. A cattle egret and a Cattle in a fieldList II (Name… Answer: 2. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV Key idea: Identify the type of interaction in each case. Leopard and lion share prey: competition (I). Cuc... Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 1 answer
The historic Convention on Biological Diversity, 'The Earth Summit' was held in Rio de Janeiro in the year : Answer: 3. 1992 Key idea: The Earth Summit (Convention on Biological Diversity) was held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The 2002 summit was held... Biodiversity conservation: hotspots, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sacred groves 1 answer

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