Immunology basics and vaccines
- Which of the following type of immunity is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defence in the human body? Answer: 2. Innate Immunity Key idea: Innate immunity is present from birth and is non-specific. Acquired immunity is pathogen-specific and d... 1
- Identify the statement that is NOT correct. Answer: 3. Antigen binding site is located at C-terminal region of antibody molecules. Key idea: An antibody is Y-shaped, made of 2 heavy an... 1
- After maturation, in primary lymphoid organs, the lymphocytes migrate for interaction with antigens to secondary lymphoid organ(s) / tissue(s) like:A. thymus B. bone marrow C. spleen D. lymph nodes E. Peyer's patchesChoose the correct answer from the… Answer: 4. C, D, E only Key idea: Primary lymphoid organs are thymus and bone marrow, where lymphocytes mature. Secondary lymphoid organs ar... 1
- Given below are two statements :Statement I : Bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced.Statement II : Both bone marrow and thymus provide micro environments for the development and maturation of… Answer: 2. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. Key idea: primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. Statement I is corre... 1
- Which of the following are Autoimmune disorders?A. Myasthenia gravisB. Rheumatoid arthritisC. GoutD. Muscular dystrophyE. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Answer: 3. A, B & E only Key idea: in an autoimmune disease the body attacks its own tissue. Myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis and SLE... 1
- Given below are two statements :Statement I :Autoimmune disorder is a condition where body defense mechanism recognizes its own cells as foreign bodies.Statement II :Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition where body does not attack self cells.In the lig… Answer: 4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Key idea: In autoimmunity the body attacks its own cells; rheumatoid arthrit... 1
- Select the incorrect statement with respect to acquired immunity. Answer: 1. Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth. Key idea: Acquired immunity is specific and devel... 1
- Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. Answer: 3. Active immunity is quick and gives full response. Key idea: Active immunity is slow; passive immunity is quick. In active immunit... 1
- Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft ? Answer: 4. Cell-mediated immune response Key idea: Graft rejection is a cell-mediated response. T-lymphocytes recognise the foreign tissue a... 1
- Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the newborn infants because it contains : Answer: 4. Immunoglobulin A Colostrum is rich in antibodies, mainly IgA, which give the newborn passive natural immunity. NK cells, monocyte... 1
- Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease ? Answer: 2. Alzheimer's disease In an autoimmune disease the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis an... 1
- MALT constitutes about ______ percent of the lymphoid tissue in human body. Answer: 4. 50% Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lines the respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts. It forms about 50% of the ly... 1
- Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune-response is responsible for such rejections ? Answer: 1. Cell - mediated immune response Graft rejection is due to cell-mediated immune response, carried out by T-lymphocytes that recogn... 1
- Antivenom injection contains preformed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into the body contain : Answer: 4. Attenuated pathogens Key idea: Antivenom gives readymade antibodies (passive immunity), while polio drops contain attenuated (wea... 1
- In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self-cells, then it leads to : Answer: 3. Auto-immune disease Key idea: When the immune system attacks the body's own cells, it is an auto-immune disease. Examples are rhe... 1