Explain any four principles of management of Henry Fayol.

Answer: Henri Fayol gave 14 principles of management. Any four:

1. Division of work: Work should be divided into small tasks and each task given to a person according to his ability. This leads to specialisation, efficiency and higher output.
2. Authority and responsibility: Authority is the right to give orders and responsibility is the obligation to perform. Both should go together and be in balance.
3. Unity of command: An employee should receive orders from one superior only. This avoids confusion and conflict and fixes responsibility.
4. Unity of direction: Activities with the same objective should have one head and one plan. This ensures co-ordination of efforts.
5. Scalar chain: There should be a clear chain of authority from top to bottom through which communication flows. Fayol allowed a ‘gang plank’ for direct communication at the same level in emergencies.
6. Esprit de corps: Management should promote team spirit and unity among employees, as union is strength.