Biology and Human Welfare
- Which of the following microbes is NOT involved in the preparation of household products?A. Aspergillus nigerB. LactobacillusC. Trichoderma polysporumD. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeE. Propionibacterium sharmaniiChoose the correct answer from the options… Answer: 2. A and C only Key idea: Separate household products from industrial products. Aspergillus niger is used for industrial production... 1
- Which of following organisms cannot fix nitrogen?A. AzotobacterB. OscillatoriaC. AnabaenaD. VolvoxE. NostocChoose the correct answer from the options given below: Answer: 2. D only Key idea: Volvox is a green alga and cannot fix nitrogen. Azotobacter (free-living bacterium) and Oscillatoria, Anabaena,... 1
- Which of the following is an example of non-distilled alcoholic beverage produced by yeast? Answer: 3. Beer Key idea: Beer and wine are made by fermentation without distillation. Whisky, brandy and rum are made by fermentation follo... 1
- Streptokinase produced by bacterium Streptococcus is used for Answer: 4. Removing clots from blood vessels Key idea: Streptokinase is a clot buster. It is produced by Streptococcus and is used as a medi... 1
- Match List I with List IIList I: A. Clostridium butylicum; B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae; C. Trichoderma polysporum; D. Streptococcus sp.List II: I. Ethanol; II. Streptokinase; III. Butyric acid; IV. Cyclosporin-AChoose the correct answer from the opti… Answer: 4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II Key idea: match each microbe with the product it yields. Clostridium butylicum makes butyric acid (A-III).... 1
- Which one of the following statements is NOT correct? Answer: 3. Algal blooms caused by excess of organic matter in water improve water quality and promote fisheries. Key idea: Algal blooms caus... 1
- Breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher proteins and healthier fats is called : Answer: 4. Bio-fortification Key idea: Breeding crops for higher vitamins, minerals, proteins and healthier fats is called biofortification.... 1
- Identify the microorganism which is responsible for the production of an immunosuppressive molecule cyclosporin A : Answer: 2. Trichoderma polysporum Key idea: Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressant used in organ transplants, is produced by the fungus Trichod... 1
- Which one of the following produces nitrogen fixing nodules on the roots of Alnus ? Answer: 3. Frankia Frankia is the actinomycete that forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules in non-leguminous plants such as Alnus. Rhizobium nod... 1
- Which of the following is not an objective of Biofortification in crops ? Answer: 2. Improve resistance to diseases Biofortification breeds crops for higher nutritional quality: more protein, vitamins, minerals and... 1
- Match List - I with List - II.List - I / List - II(a) Aspergillus niger (i) Acetic Acid(b) Acetobacter aceti (ii) Lactic Acid(c) Clostridium butylicum (iii) Citric Acid(d) Lactobacillus (iv) Butyric AcidChoose the correct answer from the options give… Answer: 1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii) Aspergillus niger - citric acid (iii) Acetobacter aceti - acetic acid (i) Clostridium buty... 1
- Match List - I with List - II.List - I | List - II(a) Protoplast fusion | (i) Totipotency(b) Plant tissue culture | (ii) Pomato(c) Meristem culture | (iii) Somaclones(d) Micropropagation | (iv) Virus free plantsChoose the correct answer from the opti… Answer: 2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii) Match each technique with its outcome: Protoplast fusion gives somatic hybrids such as pom... 1
- Match the following columns and select the correct option.Column - I | Column - II(a) Clostridium butylicum | (i) Cyclosporin-A(b) Trichoderma polysporum | (ii) Butyric Acid(c) Monascus purpureus | (iii) Citric Acid(d) Aspergillus niger | (iv) Blood… Answer: 2. (a) (ii), (b) (i), (c) (iv), (d) (iii) Match each microbe with its product. Clostridium butylicum produces butyric acid, so (a) -... 1
- Which of the following is put into Anaerobic sludge digester for further sewage treatment ? Answer: 4. Activated sludge Key idea: In secondary treatment, a part of the activated sludge is passed to anaerobic sludge digesters. Bacter... 1
- The product(s) of reaction catalyzed by nitrogenase in root nodules of leguminous plants is/are : Answer: 4. Ammonia and hydrogen Key idea: Nitrogenase reduces nitrogen to ammonia and releases hydrogen. The reaction is N₂ + 8e^- + 8H^+ +... 1
- Which of the following can be used as a biocontrol agent in the treatment of plant disease ? Answer: 1. textitTrichoderma Key idea: Trichoderma is a fungal biocontrol agent. Trichoderma species control plant pathogens. Chlorella is a... 1
- Select the correct group of biocontrol agents. Answer: 2. *Trichoderma*, *Baculovirus*, *Bacillus thuringiensis* Biocontrol agents include Bacillus thuringiensis (bacterium), Trichoderma... 1
- *Thiobacillus* is a group of bacteria helpful in carrying out : Answer: 4. Denitrification Thiobacillus species oxidise sulphur compounds. The key lists Thiobacillus denitrificans, which converts nitrate... 1
- Match the following organisms with the products they produce :(a) *Lactobacillus* (i) Cheese(b) *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* (ii) Curd(c) *Aspergillus niger* (iii) Citric Acid(d) *Acetobacter aceti* (iv) Bread(v) Acetic AcidSelect the correct option. Answer: 2. (a) (ii) (b) (iv) (c) (iii) (d) (v) Lactobacillus makes curd (ii). Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for bread (iv). Aspergillus n... 1
- Which of the following is a commercial blood cholesterol lowering agent ? Answer: 2. Statin Statins (from the yeast Monascus purpureus) inhibit the enzyme that makes cholesterol, so they lower blood cholesterol. Cy... 1
- Conversion of milk to curd improves its nutritional value by increasing the amount of Answer: 2. Vitamin B ₁₂ Key idea: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) turn milk into curd. LAB also add to the nutritional value of curd by increasin... 1
- Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics ? Answer: 4. Amensalism Key idea: In amensalism one species is harmed while the other is unaffected. Antibiotics are chemicals secreted by mic... 1
- Which of the following in sewage treatment removes suspended solids ? Answer: 2. Primary treatment Primary treatment of sewage is physical: filtration and sedimentation remove floating and suspended solids. Sec... 1
- Which of the following is correctly matched for the product produced by them ? Answer: 3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Ethanol Key idea: Match each microbe with a real product. Methanobacterium makes methane (biogas), not... 1