Cell Structure and Function

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What is the main function of the spindle fibers during mitosis ? Answer: 1. To separate the chromosomes Key idea: Spindle fibres are microtubules that attach to the kinetochores. During anaphase they pull... Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis 1 answer
Match List I with List II.List I: A. Adenosine B. Adenylic acid C. Adenine D. AlanineList II: I. Nitrogen base II. Nucleotide III. Nucleoside IV. Amino acidChoose the option with all correct matches. Answer: 3. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV Key idea: Know the building blocks of nucleic acids: base, nucleoside, nucleotide. Adenosine = adenine + s... Biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids 1 answer
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A) : The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to package the materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum and deliver it to intr… Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A Key idea: The Golgi apparatus is the packaging and dispatch centre of... Endomembrane system: ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles 1 answer
The protein portion of an enzyme is called : Answer: 3. Apoenzyme Key idea: A conjugated enzyme has a protein part and a non-protein part. The protein part is the apoenzyme. The non-pro... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
Match List - I with List - II.List - I: A. Centromere; B. Cilium; C. Cristae; D. Cell membraneList - II: I. Mitochondrion; II. Cell division; III. Cell movement; IV. Phospholipid BilayerChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV Centromere: cell division (II) Cilium: cell movement (III) Cristae: mitochondrion (I) Cell membrane: phosp... Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant vs animal cell 1 answer
A specialised membranous structure in a prokaryotic cell which helps in cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration is : Answer: 1. Mesosome Key idea: Mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. They help in cell wall formation, DNA replicat... Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant vs animal cell 1 answer
Name the class of enzyme that usually catalyze the following reaction :S – G + S# → S + S# – GWhere, G → a group other than hydrogenS → a substrateS# → another substrate Answer: 3. Transferase Key idea: Transferases move a group (not hydrogen) from one substrate to another. The reaction S-G + S# → S + S#-G tr... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
Which one of the following enzymes contains 'Haem' as the prosthetic group? Answer: 4. Catalase Key idea: Catalase contains a haem group as its prosthetic group. RuBisCO has none, carbonic anhydrase uses zinc, and su... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
From the statements given below choose the correct option :A. The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.B. Each ribosome has two sub-units.C. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 40S while that of 70S are 50S and 30S… Answer: 1. A, B, C are true Key idea: Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, made of 60S and 40S subunits. Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, made of 50S... Mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies 1 answer
Regarding catalytic cycle of an enzyme action, select the correct sequential steps :A. Substrate enzyme complex formation.B. Free enzyme ready to bind with another substrate.C. Release of products.D. Chemical bonds of the substrate broken.E. Substrat… Answer: 2. E, A, D, C, B Key idea: catalytic cycle of an enzyme. Substrate binds to the active site (E) → enzyme-substrate complex forms (A)... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both double membrane bound organelles.Statement II : Inner membrane of mitochondria is relatively less permeable, as compared to chloroplast.In the light of the above sta… Answer: 4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. Key idea: both organelles are bounded by two membranes, and in both the inn... Mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies 1 answer
Following are the stages of cell division :A. Gap 2 phaseB. CytokinesisC. Synthesis phaseD. KaryokinesisE. Gap 1 phaseChoose the correct sequence of stages from the options given below : Answer: 1. E-C-A-D-B Key idea: interphase comes first (G1, S, G2), then M phase (karyokinesis, then cytokinesis). G1 (E) → S (C) → G2 (A) →... Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis 1 answer
Match List I with List II :List I (Sub Phases of Prophase I):A. DiakinesisB. PachyteneC. ZygoteneD. LeptoteneList II (Specific characters):I. Synaptonemal complex formationII. Completion of terminalisation of chiasmataIII. Chromosomes look like thin… Answer: 4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III Key idea: order of prophase I: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis. Diakinesis - termina... Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis 1 answer
Match List I with List II :List I:A. AxonemeB. Cartwheel patternC. CristaD. SatelliteList II:I. CentrioleII. Cilia and flagellaIII. ChromosomeIV. MitochondriaChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 1. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III Axoneme - the 9+2 microtubule core of cilia and flagella (A-II). Cartwheel pattern - the 9 triplet arrange... Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; nucleus 1 answer
Match List I with List IIList I: A. GLUT-4; B. Insulin; C. Trypsin; D. CollagenList II: I. Hormone; II. Enzyme; III. Intercellular ground substance; IV. Enables glucose transport into cellsChoose the correct answer from the options given below: Answer: 2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III Key idea: match the protein with its role. GLUT-4: enables glucose transport into cells (IV). Insulin: hor... Biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids 1 answer
Match List I with List II :List I:A. LipaseB. NucleaseC. ProteaseD. AmylaseList II:I. Peptide bondII. Ester bondIII. Glycosidic bondIV. Phosphodiester bondChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III Key idea: each enzyme breaks a particular bond. Lipase - ester bond in fats (II). Nuclease - phosphodieste... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
The DNA present in chloroplast is: Answer: 3. Circular, double stranded Key idea: chloroplast DNA is like bacterial DNA. It is circular and double stranded, and lies in the st... Mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies 1 answer
Lecithin, a small molecular weight organic compound found in living tissues, is an example of: Answer: 3. Phospholipids Key idea: lecithin is a phospholipid. It has glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group and a choline head. Becau... Biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids 1 answer
Inhibition of Succinic dehydrogenase enzyme by malonate is a classical example of: Answer: 4. Competitive inhibition Key idea: malonate looks like succinate, so it competes for the active site. Malonate is a structural anal... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
Match List I with List IIList I: A. Nucleolus; B. Centriole; C. Leucoplasts; D. Golgi apparatusList II: I. Site of formation of glycolipid; II. Organization like the cartwheel; III. Site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis; IV. For storing nutrientsCh… Answer: 2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I Key idea: match each organelle with its function or structure. Nucleolus: site of active rRNA synthesis (I... Mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies 1 answer
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores of chromosomes during Answer: 3. Metaphase Key idea: chromosomes line up at the equator in metaphase, with spindle fibres attached to their kinetochores. In metap... Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis 1 answer
Given below are two statements:Statement I : Chromosomes become gradually visible under light microscope during leptotene stage.Statement II : The begining of diplotene stage is recognized by dissolution of synaptonemal complex.In the light of the ab… Answer: 2. Both Statement I and Statement II are true Key idea: recall what happens in each substage of prophase I. Statement I: In leptoten... Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis 1 answer
The cofactor of the enzyme carboxypeptidase is: Answer: 2. Zinc Key idea: carboxypeptidase is a metalloenzyme whose cofactor is a metal ion, zinc. Zinc ( Zn²⁺ ) is held in the active site... Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification 1 answer
Given below are two statements:Statement I: During G_0 phase of cell cycle, the cell is metabolically inactive.Statement II: The centrosome undergoes duplication during S phase of interphase.In the light of the above statements, choose the most appro… Answer: 1. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct. Key idea: G₀ is a quiescent stage, not a dead stage. Statement I is incorre... Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis 1 answer

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