Every question from past board papers on Cell Structure and Function, newest paper first. Open any question for its full worked answer.
From the statements given below choose the correct option :
A. The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.
B. Each ribosome has two sub-units.
C. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 40S while that of 70S are 50S and 30S.
D. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 20S and that of 70S are 50S and 20S.
E. The two sub-units of 80S are 60S and 30S and that of 70S are 50S and 30S.
Name the class of enzyme that usually catalyze the following reaction :
S – G + S# → S + S# – G
Where, G → a group other than hydrogen
S → a substrate
S# → another substrate
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: A. Centromere; B. Cilium; C. Cristae; D. Cell membrane
List - II: I. Mitochondrion; II. Cell division; III. Cell movement; IV. Phospholipid Bilayer
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A specialised membranous structure in a prokaryotic cell which helps in cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration is :
Which one of the following enzymes contains 'Haem' as the prosthetic group?
Match List I with List II.
List I: A. Adenosine B. Adenylic acid C. Adenine D. Alanine
List II: I. Nitrogen base II. Nucleotide III. Nucleoside IV. Amino acid
Choose the option with all correct matches.
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to package the materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum and deliver it to intracellular targets and outside the cell.
Reason (R) : Vesicles containing materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, and they are modified and released from the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
The protein portion of an enzyme is called :
What is the main function of the spindle fibers during mitosis ?
The cofactor of the enzyme carboxypeptidase is:
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores of chromosomes during
Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Chromosomes become gradually visible under light microscope during leptotene stage.
Statement II : The begining of diplotene stage is recognized by dissolution of synaptonemal complex.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II
List I: A. Nucleolus; B. Centriole; C. Leucoplasts; D. Golgi apparatus
List II: I. Site of formation of glycolipid; II. Organization like the cartwheel; III. Site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis; IV. For storing nutrients
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Inhibition of Succinic dehydrogenase enzyme by malonate is a classical example of:
Lecithin, a small molecular weight organic compound found in living tissues, is an example of:
The DNA present in chloroplast is:
Match List I with List II
List I: A. GLUT-4; B. Insulin; C. Trypsin; D. Collagen
List II: I. Hormone; II. Enzyme; III. Intercellular ground substance; IV. Enables glucose transport into cells
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. Lipase
B. Nuclease
C. Protease
D. Amylase
List II:
I. Peptide bond
II. Ester bond
III. Glycosidic bond
IV. Phosphodiester bond
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Following are the stages of cell division :
A. Gap 2 phase
B. Cytokinesis
C. Synthesis phase
D. Karyokinesis
E. Gap 1 phase
Choose the correct sequence of stages from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. Axoneme
B. Cartwheel pattern
C. Crista
D. Satellite
List II:
I. Centriole
II. Cilia and flagella
III. Chromosome
IV. Mitochondria
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I (Sub Phases of Prophase I):
A. Diakinesis
B. Pachytene
C. Zygotene
D. Leptotene
List II (Specific characters):
I. Synaptonemal complex formation
II. Completion of terminalisation of chiasmata
III. Chromosomes look like thin threads
IV. Appearance of recombination nodules
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both double membrane bound organelles.
Statement II : Inner membrane of mitochondria is relatively less permeable, as compared to chloroplast.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Regarding catalytic cycle of an enzyme action, select the correct sequential steps :
A. Substrate enzyme complex formation.
B. Free enzyme ready to bind with another substrate.
C. Release of products.
D. Chemical bonds of the substrate broken.
E. Substrate binding to active site.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Cellulose does not form blue colour with Iodine because
Which of the following stages of meiosis involves division of centromere?
The process of appearance of recombination nodules occurs at which sub stage of prophase I in meiosis?
Movement and accumulation of ions across a membrane against their concentration gradient can be explained by
Among eukaryotes, replication of DNA takes place in -
Match List I with List II :
List I | List II
A. M Phase | I. Proteins are synthesized
B. G\(_2\) Phase | II. Inactive phase
C. Quiescent stage | III. Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication
D. G\(_1\) Phase | IV. Equational division
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
How many different proteins does the ribosome consist of?
Melonate inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria by inhibiting the activity of
Which of the following are NOT considered as the part of endomembrane system?
A. Mitochondria
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Chloroplasts
D. Golgi complex
E. Peroxisomes
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Low temperature preserves the enzyme in a temporarily inactive state whereas high temperature destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat.
Statement II: When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: A protein is imagined as a line, the left end represented by first amino acid (C-terminal) and the right end represented by last amino acid (N-terminal)
Statement II: Adult human haemoglobin, consists of 4 subunits (two subunits of \(\alpha\) type and two subunits of \(\beta\) type.)
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following functions is carried out by cytoskeleton in a cell?
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: In prokaryotes, the positively charged DNA is held with some negatively charged proteins in a region called nucleoid.
Statement II: In eukaryotes, the negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form nucleosome.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: During G\(_0\) phase of cell cycle, the cell is metabolically inactive.
Statement II: The centrosome undergoes duplication during S phase of interphase.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Select the correct statements.
A. Tetrad formation is seen during Leptotene.
B. During Anaphase, the centromeres split and chromatids separate.
C. Terminalization takes place during Pachytene.
D. Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER are reformed during Telophase.
E. Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids of homologous chromosome.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which one of the following never occurs during mitotic cell division ?
The appearance of recombination nodules on homologous chromosomes during meiosis characterizes :
Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements :
(a) Euchromatin is loosely packed chromatin
(b) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active
(c) Histone octomer is wrapped by negatively charged DNA in nucleosome
(d) Histones are rich in lysine and arginine
(e) A typical nucleosome contains 400 bp of DNA helix
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of :
Addition of more solutes in a given solution will :
Read the following statements on lipids and find out correct set of statements :
(a) Lecithin found in the plasma membrane is a glycolipid
(b) Saturated fatty acids possess one or more c=c bonds
(c) Gingely oil has lower melting point, hence remains as oil in winter
(d) Lipids are generally insoluble in water but soluble in some organic solvents
(e) When fatty acid is esterified with glycerol, monoglycerides are formed
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: (a) Metacentric chromosome (b) Acrocentric chromosome (c) Sub-metacentric chromosome (d) Telocentric chromosome
List - II: (i) Centromere situated close to the end forming one extremely short and one very long arms (ii) Centromere at the terminal end (iii) Centromere in the middle forming two equal arms of chromosomes (iv) Centromere slightly away from the middle forming one shorter arm and one longer arm
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following statements with respect to Endoplasmic Reticulum is incorrect ?
Regarding Meiosis, which of the statements is incorrect ?
A dehydration reaction links two glucose molecules to produce maltose. If the formula for glucose is \(C_6H_{12}O_6\) then what is the formula for maltose ?
Select the incorrect statement with reference to mitosis :
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I (Biological Molecules): (a) Glycogen (b) Globulin (c) Steroids (d) Thrombin
List - II (Biological functions): (i) Hormone (ii) Biocatalyst (iii) Antibody (iv) Storage product
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following is an incorrect statement ?
Which of the following stages of meiosis involves division of centromere ?
When the centromere is situated in the middle of two equal arms of chromosomes, the chromosome is referred as :
Which of the following are not secondary metabolites in plants ?
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I | List - II
(a) Cristae | (i) Primary constriction in chromosome
(b) Thylakoids | (ii) Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
(c) Centromere | (iii) Infoldings in mitochondria
(d) Cisternae | (iv) Flattened membranous sacs in stroma of plastids
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I | List - II
(a) S phase | (i) Proteins are synthesized
(b) G2 phase | (ii) Inactive phase
(c) Quiescent stage | (iii) Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication
(d) G1 phase | (iv) DNA replication
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I | List - II
(a) Protein | (i) C=C double bonds
(b) Unsaturated fatty acid | (ii) Phosphodiester bonds
(c) Nucleic acid | (iii) Glycosidic bonds
(d) Polysaccharide | (iv) Peptide bonds
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
The organelles that are included in the endomembrane system are :
The fruit fly has 8 chromosomes (2n) in each cell. During interphase of Mitosis if the number of chromosomes at G\(_1\) phase is 8, what would be the number of chromosomes after S phase ?
Which stage of meiotic prophase shows terminalisation of chiasmata as its distinctive feature ?
Identify the incorrect pair.
The centriole undergoes duplication during :
Following are the statements with reference to ‘lipids’.
(a) Lipids having only single bonds are called unsaturated fatty acids.
(b) Lecithin is a phospholipid.
(c) Trihydroxy propane is glycerol.
(d) Palmitic acid has 20 carbon atoms including carboxyl carbon.
(e) Arachidonic acid has 16 carbon atoms.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Identify the substances having glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure :
Identify the correct statement with regard to \(G_1\) phase (Gap 1) of interphase.
Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect ?
Which is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids in eukaryotic cells ?
Match the following :
(a) Inhibitor of catalytic activity (i) Ricin
(b) Possess peptide bonds (ii) Malonate
(c) Cell wall material in fungi (iii) Chitin
(d) Secondary metabolite (iv) Collagen
Choose the correct option from the following :
Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their :
Match the following with respect to meiosis :
(a) Zygotene (i) Terminalization
(b) Pachytene (ii) Chiasmata
(c) Diplotene (iii) Crossing over
(d) Diakinesis (iv) Synapsis
Select the correct option from the following :
Some dividing cells exit the cell cycle and enter vegetative inactive stage. This is called quiescent stage (G\(_0\)). This process occurs at the end of :
Identify the basic amino acid from the following.
Which one of the following is the most abundant protein in the animals ?
Dissolution of the synaptonemal complex occurs during :
The shorter and longer arms of a submetacentric chromosome are referred to as :
The correct sequence of phases of cell cycle is :
Which of the following statements is not correct ?
Concanavalin A is :
Consider the following statements :
(A) Coenzyme or metal ion that is tightly bound to enzyme protein is called prosthetic group.
(B) A complete catalytic active enzyme with its bound prosthetic group is called apoenzyme.
Select the correct option.
Which of the following pair of organelles does not contain DNA ?
Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is incorrect ?
Cells in G\(_0\) phase :
The concept of "Omnis cellula-e cellula" regarding cell division was first proposed by :
The Golgi complex participates in
Which of the following is true for nucleolus ?
The stage during which separation of the paired homologous chromosomes begins is
The two functional groups characteristic of sugars are
Which of the following events does not occur in rough endoplasmic reticulum ?
Select the incorrect match :
Which one of the following statements is correct, with reference to enzymes ?
Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP ?
Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is a protein degradation machinery necessary for proper mitosis of animal cells. If APC is defective in a human cell, which of the following is expected to occur ?
Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell ?
Which of the following options gives the correct sequence of events during mitosis ?
The two polypeptides of human insulin are linked together by :
Mitochondria and chloroplast are :
(a) semi-autonomous organelles.
(b) formed by division of pre - existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein synthesizing machinery.
Which one of the following options is correct ?
Spindle fibres attach on to :
Microtubules are the constituents of :
In meiosis crossing over is initiated at :
Which one of the following cell organelles is enclosed by a single membrane ?
Water soluble pigments found in plant cell vacuoles are :
Which one of the following statements is wrong ?
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature during mitosis in somatic cells ?
A cell at telophase stage is observed by a student in a plant brought from the field. He tells his teacher that this cell is not like other cells at telophase stage. There is no formation of cell plate and thus the cell is containing more number of chromosomes as compared to other dividing cells. This would result in :
A typical fat molecule is made up of :
A non-proteinaceous enzyme is
A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes is
During cell growth, DNA synthesis takes place in
Match the stages of meiosis in Column—I to their characteristic features in Column—II and select the correct option using the codes given below :
Column—I: a. Pachytene; b. Metaphase I; c. Diakinesis; d. Zygotene
Column—II: (i) Pairing of homologous chromosomes; (ii) Terminalization of chiasmata; (iii) Crossing-over takes place; (iv) Chromosomes align at equatorial plate
Codes :
a b c d
Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most proteins?
Which of the following describes the given graph correctly?
When cell has stalled DNA replication fork, which checkpoint should be predominantly activated?
