Plant kingdom: algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms
- Which one of the following is the characteristic feature of gymnosperms? Answer: 2. Seeds are naked. Key idea: Gymnos means naked. In gymnosperms the ovules are not enclosed in an ovary, so the seeds are naked. Fr... 1
- Match List I with List II.List I: A. Pteridophyte B. Bryophyte C. Angiosperm D. GymnospermList II: I. Salvia II. Ginkgo III. Polytrichum IV. SalviniaChoose the option with all correct matches. Answer: 2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II Key idea: Identify each plant group. Pteridophyte: Salvinia (A-IV). Bryophyte: Polytrichum, a moss (B-III)... 1
- In bryophytes, the gemmae help in which one of the following? Answer: 2. Asexual reproduction Key idea: Gemmae are green multicellular buds in cups on the thallus of liverworts such as Marchantia. They... 1
- The correct sequence of events in the life cycle of bryophytes isA. Fusion of antherozoid with egg.B. Attachment of gametophyte to substratum.C. Reduction division to produce haploid spores.D. Formation of sporophyte.E. Release of antherozoids into w… Answer: 3. B, E, A, D, C Key idea: In bryophytes, the gametophyte is dominant and the sporophyte depends on it. B: gametophyte attaches to t... 1
- Given below are the stages in the life cycle of pteridophytes. Arrange the following stages in the correct sequence.A. Prothallus stageB. Meiosis in spore mother cellsC. FertilisationD. Formation of archegonia and antheridia in gametophyte.E. Transfe… Answer: 1. B, A, D, E, C Key idea: In pteridophytes the dominant sporophyte makes spores by meiosis, which grow into the gametophyte. B: mei... 1
- Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements:In the members of Phaeophyceae,A. Asexual reproduction occurs usually by biflagellate zoospores.B. Sexual reproduction is by oogamous method only.C. Stored food is in the form of… Answer: 4. A, C, D and E only Key idea: check each statement about brown algae. A true: asexual reproduction by biflagellate zoospores. B fa... 1
- Identify the pair of heterosporous pteridophytes among the following : Answer: 3. Selaginella and Salvinia Key idea: Heterosporous pteridophytes make two kinds of spores (micro and megaspores). Selaginella and S... 1
- Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R :Assertion A : In gymnosperms the pollen grains are released from the microsporangium and carried by air currents.Reason R : Air currents carry the… Answer: 4. A is true but R is false. Key idea: In gymnosperms the pollen grains are carried by air currents, but they do form a pollen tube.... 1
- Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R :Assertion A : The first stage of gametophyte in the life cycle of moss is protonema stage.Reason R : Protonema develops directly from spores produc… Answer: 2. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. Key idea: In mosses the haploid spore germinates into a creeping,... 1
- Match the plant with the kind of life cycle it exhibits :List - I: (a) Spirogyra (b) Fern (c) Funaria (d) CycasList - II: (i) Dominant diploid sporophyte vascular plant, with highly reduced male or female gametophyte (ii) Dominant haploid free-living… Answer: 3. (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i) Spirogyra: dominant haploid free-living gametophyte, (ii). Fern: dominant diploid... 1
- Which of the following is incorrectly matched ? Answer: 3. Ulothrix - Mannitol Green algae like Ulothrix store starch, not mannitol. Mannitol is the reserve food in brown algae. Other pair... 1
- Hydrocolloid carrageen is obtained from : Answer: 4. Rhodophyceae only Carrageen is a hydrocolloid obtained from red algae (Rhodophyceae), such as Chondrus. Brown algae (Phaeophyceae... 1
- Which of the following algae produce Carrageen ? Answer: 3. Red algae Carrageen is a hydrocolloid obtained from the cell walls of red algae (for example Chondrus). Brown algae give algin, a... 1
- Which of the following plants is monoecious ? Answer: 2. Chara A monoecious plant bears male and female reproductive organs on the same plant. Chara is monoecious. Papaya, Marchantia pol... 1
- Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia produce two kinds of spores. Such plants are known as : Answer: 4. Heterosporous Plants that produce two kinds of spores, small microspores and large megaspores, are heterosporous. Selaginella and... 1
- Which of the following algae contains mannitol as reserve food material ? Answer: 1. Ectocarpus Ectocarpus is a brown alga. Brown algae store food as laminarin and mannitol. Gracilaria is red (floridean starch), wh... 1
- Gemmae are present in : Answer: 4. Some Liverworts Gemmae are small green multicellular buds that form in gemma cups on the thallus. They are a means of asexual rep... 1
- Floridean starch has structure similar to : Answer: 2. Amylopectin and glycogen Floridean starch, the food reserve of red algae, is structurally like amylopectin and glycogen. All thre... 1
- Which of the following pairs is of unicellular algae ? Answer: 4. Chlorella and Spirulina Chlorella and Spirulina are unicellular and are used as single-cell protein. Laminaria, Sargassum, Gelidi... 1
- Strobili or cones are found in : Answer: 4. Equisetum Strobili (cones) are found in Equisetum, a pteridophyte with sporophylls in cones. Salvinia and Pteris have sori or spo... 1
- Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because : Answer: 2. it has obligate association with mycorrhizae. Key idea: Pinus roots have an obligate mycorrhizal association. The fungus helps ab... 1
- From evolutionary point of view, retention of the female gametophyte with developing young embryo on the parent sporophyte for some time, is first observed in : Answer: 3. Pteridophytes Key idea: Retention of the female gametophyte with the young embryo on the sporophyte appears first in pteridophyte... 1
- Winged pollen grains are present in Answer: 4. *Pinus* Pinus pollen grains have two air bladders (wings), helping wind dispersal. Mustard and mango are insect pollinated, and C... 1
- Which one is *wrongly* matched ? Answer: 1. Uniflagellate gametes – *Polysiphonia* Polysiphonia is a red alga with no flagellated stage; its gametes are non-motile. Gemma cu... 1