Botany
- The two functional groups characteristic of sugars are Answer: 4. carbonyl and hydroxyl Sugars are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, so they have a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) and several... 1
- The stage during which separation of the paired homologous chromosomes begins is Answer: 3. Diplotene In prophase I, homologous chromosomes start to separate at diplotene, held together at chiasmata. Zygotene is pairing (... 1
- After karyogamy followed by meiosis, spores are produced exogenously in Answer: 2. *Agaricus* In basidiomycetes such as Agaricus, karyogamy and meiosis occur in the basidium, giving basidiospores borne exogenousl... 1
- Winged pollen grains are present in Answer: 4. *Pinus* Pinus pollen grains have two air bladders (wings), helping wind dispersal. Mustard and mango are insect pollinated, and C... 1
- Which one is *wrongly* matched ? Answer: 1. Uniflagellate gametes – *Polysiphonia* Polysiphonia is a red alga with no flagellated stage; its gametes are non-motile. Gemma cu... 1
- Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the *correct* option given below :Column I | Column IIa. Herbarium | i. It is a place having a collection of preserved plants and animals.b. Key | ii. A list that enumerates methodi… Answer: 4. a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii Match each term with its definition. Herbarium: dried, pressed plants on sheets (iii). Key: list of charac... 1
- Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :Column I | Column IIa. Eutrophication | i. UV-B radiationb. Sanitary landfill | ii. Deforestationc. Snow blindness | iii. Nutrient enrichmentd. Jhum… Answer: 2. a-iii b-iv c-i d-ii Key idea: Match each term with its meaning. Eutrophication: nutrient enrichment of water (iii). Sanitary land... 1
- All of the following are included in 'Ex-situ conservation' except Answer: 3. Sacred groves Key idea: Ex-situ conservation means protecting species outside their natural habitat. In-situ means within the nat... 1
- In a growing population of a country, Answer: 1. pre-reproductive individuals are more than the reproductive individuals. Key idea: The age pyramid shape shows population growth.... 1
- Which one of the following plants shows a very close relationship with a species of moth, where none of the two can complete its life cycle without the other ? Answer: 3. *Yucca* Yucca and the moth Pronuba are an obligate mutualism; the moth pollinates the flower and lays eggs in the ovary. Neither... 1
- Which of the following characteristics represent 'Inheritance of blood groups' in humans ?a. Dominanceb. Co-dominancec. Multiple alleled. Incomplete dominancee. Polygenic inheritance Answer: 3. a, b and c Key idea: ABO blood group inheritance is controlled by one gene with three alleles I^A, I^B, i . Multiple alleles: thr... 1
- Which of the following elements is responsible for maintaining turgor in cells ? Answer: 2. Potassium Potassium regulates osmotic potential, so it maintains turgor and opens stomata. Mg is in chlorophyll, Ca is in the mid... 1
- In which of the following forms is iron absorbed by plants ? Answer: 4. Both ferric and ferrous Plants take up iron mainly as ferric ions (Fe ³⁺ ), and it is also taken as ferrous ions (Fe ²⁺ ). Since... 1
- What is the role of NAD^+ in cellular respiration ? Answer: 3. It functions as an electron carrier. NAD ^+ is a coenzyme that accepts electrons and hydrogen to become NADH, so it is an electro... 1
- Oxygen is *not* produced during photosynthesis by Answer: 1. Green sulphur bacteria Green sulphur bacteria perform anoxygenic photosynthesis using H ₂ S, so they release no oxygen. Cycas (pl... 1
- Double fertilization is Answer: 4. Syngamy and triple fusion Double fertilisation is syngamy (one male gamete with the egg) plus triple fusion (the other male gamet... 1
- Pollen grains can be stored for several years in liquid nitrogen having a temperature of Answer: 2. – 196°C Pollen can be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at -196^° C for years. The other temperatures are not that of liquid nitro... 1
- Stomata in grass leaf are Answer: 1. Dumb-bell shaped Grass (monocot) leaves have dumb-bell shaped guard cells. Kidney-shaped guard cells are in dicots. Rectangular a... 1
- Which of the following is true for nucleolus ? Answer: 4. It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis. The nucleolus is a non-membranous site of active rRNA synthesis and ribosome ass... 1
- The Golgi complex participates in Answer: 3. Formation of secretory vesicles The Golgi complex packs and sorts proteins and lipids into vesicles, including secretory vesicles... 1
- Select the *wrong* statement : Answer: 2. Pseudopodia are locomotory and feeding structures in Sporozoans. Sporozoans (e.g. Plasmodium) have no locomotory organs, so the s... 1
- Which among the following is *not* a prokaryote ? Answer: 1. *Saccharomyces* Saccharomyces is yeast, a unicellular fungus, so it is a eukaryote. Nostoc and Oscillatoria are cyanobacteria and... 1
- World Ozone Day is celebrated on Answer: 2. 16 ^th September World Ozone Day marks the signing of the Montreal Protocol on 16 September 1987. 5 June is World Environment Day... 1
- In stratosphere, which of the following elements acts as a catalyst in degradation of ozone and release of molecular oxygen ? Answer: 3. Cl UV rays split chlorofluorocarbons and release chlorine atoms, which act as catalysts in converting ozone to molecular oxygen.... 1