Genetics and Evolution

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Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution. Answer: 1. Analogy, convergent Key idea: Different origin but similar function means analogy, which results from convergent evolution. Sweet... Evidences of evolution 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : In the RNA world, RNA is considered the first genetic material evolved to carry out essential life processes. RNA acts as a genetic material and also as a catalyst for some important biochemical reactions… Answer: 1. Both statement I and statement II are correct Key idea: Both statements describe the RNA world idea correctly. Statement I: RNA w... Origin of life 1 answer
Match List I with List II :List I:A. Mesozoic EraB. Proterozoic EraC. Cenozoic EraD. Paleozoic EraList II:I. Lower invertebratesII. Fish & AmphibiaIII. Birds & ReptilesIV. MammalsChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II Mesozoic - age of reptiles; birds appear (A-III). Proterozoic - lower invertebrates (B-I). Cenozoic - age... Evidences of evolution 1 answer
Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Answer: 1. Constant gene pool Key idea: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium means allele frequencies stay constant from generation to generation. Fac... Gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle 1 answer
Given below are some stages of human evolution. Arrange them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent)A. Homo habilisB. Homo sapiensC. Homo neanderthalensisD. Homo erectusChoose the correct sequence of human evolution from the options given below : Answer: 1. A-D-C-B Key idea: order of appearance of the genus Homo. Homo habilis (about 2 mya) → Homo erectus (about 1.5 mya) → Homo neander... Human evolution 1 answer
The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the Answer: 4. Convergent evolution Key idea: unrelated groups that evolve similar structures for similar functions show convergent evolution. P... Evidences of evolution 1 answer
Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of inbreeding? Answer: 1. It decreases the productivity of inbred population, after continuous inbreeding. Key idea: Inbreeding increases homozygosity. It... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer
Select the correct group/set of Australian Marsupials exhibiting adaptive radiation. Answer: 3. Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger Key idea: Adaptive radiation in Australian marsupials gave forms that resemble placental... Adaptive radiation 1 answer
Given below are two statements:Statement I: RNA mutates at a faster rate.Statement II: Viruses having RNA genome and shorter life span mutate and evolve faster.In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given bel… Answer: 2. Both Statement I and Statement II are true. Key idea: RNA genomes mutate faster than DNA genomes. Statement I is true: RNA is les... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer
Which of the following statements is not true ? Answer: 1. Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs Key idea: Homologous organs share origin; analogous organs shar... Evidences of evolution 1 answer
Natural selection where more individuals acquire specific character value other than the mean character value, leads to : Answer: 3. Directional change Key idea: When more individuals move to one extreme of the trait, away from the mean, the curve shifts one way... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer
Match List - I with List - II.List - I / List - II(a) Adaptive radiation (i) Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides(b) Convergent evolution (ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale(c) Divergent evolution (i… Answer: 1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i) Adaptive radiation - Darwin's finches (iv) Convergent evolution - wings of butterfly and b... Adaptive radiation 1 answer
The factor that leads to Founder effect in a population is : Answer: 4. Genetic drift The founder effect occurs when a small group of individuals starts a new population. Their allele frequencies diffe... Gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle 1 answer
Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of : Answer: 2. Convergent evolution Penguin and dolphin flippers have similar function and shape but evolved in unrelated groups (a bird and a m... Adaptive radiation 1 answer
Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by : Answer: 1. Karl Ernst von Baer Key idea: Karl Ernst von Baer showed that embryos do not pass through the adult stages of other animals. Haec... Evidences of evolution 1 answer
Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogenic action ?(a) Darwin's Finches of Galapagos islands.(b) Herbicide resistant weeds.(c) Drug resistant eukaryo… Answer: 3. (b), (c) and (d) Key idea: Look for evolution driven by human-caused environmental change. (b) Herbicide-resistant weeds, (c) dru... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer
By which method was a new breed 'Hisardale' of sheep formed by using Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams ? Answer: 3. Cross breeding Hisardale is a product of cross breeding, in which superior males of one breed are mated with superior females of... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer
From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask : Answer: 1. CH₄ , H₂ , NH₃ and water vapor at 800°C Key idea: Miller used the gases thought to be in the early atmosphere. He mixed CH₄ , H₂... Origin of life 1 answer
A gene locus has two alleles A, a. If the frequency of dominant allele A is 0.4, then what will be the frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive individuals in the population ? Answer: 3. 0.16 (AA); 0.48 (Aa); 0.36 (aa) Key idea: Hardy-Weinberg: p² + 2pq + q² = 1 . p = 0.4 , so q = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6 . AA = p² = 0.16 ; A... Gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle 1 answer
Select the incorrect statement. Answer: 3. Inbreeding selects harmful recessive genes that reduce fertility and productivity. Inbreeding increases homozygosity, helps make... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer
In a species, the weight of newborn ranges from 2 to 5 kg. 97% of the newborn with an average weight between 3 to 3.3 kg survive whereas 99% of the infants born with weights from 2 to 2.5 kg or 4.5 to 5 kg die. Which type of selection process is taki… Answer: 2. Stabilizing Selection Here the average-weight babies survive and both extremes (very light and very heavy) die. Selection favours... Darwin and modern synthetic theory 1 answer
Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries, are : Answer: 2. random and directionless Hugo de Vries proposed mutation theory. Mutations are large, sudden changes that are random and directio... Darwin and modern synthetic theory 1 answer
Match the hominids with their correct brain size :(a) *Homo habilis* (i) 900 cc(b) *Homo neanderthalensis* (ii) 1350 cc(c) *Homo erectus* (iii) 650 - 800 cc(d) *Homo sapiens* (iv) 1400 ccSelect the correct option. Answer: 3. (a) (iii) (b) (iv) (c) (i) (d) (ii) Brain sizes: Homo habilis 650-800 cc, Homo erectus about 900 cc, Homo sapiens about 1350 cc,... Human evolution 1 answer
According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is Answer: 3. Saltation Key idea: Hugo de Vries proposed mutation theory. He said evolution happens through single-step large mutations, called... Mechanism: variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection 1 answer

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