Regulation of kidney function, disorders, dialysis
- Which of the following statements are correct?A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors.B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.C. ANF causes vasodilation.D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.E.… Answer: 3. B, C and D only Key idea: Know the effects of ADH and ANF. A is wrong: excessive loss of fluid activates the osmoreceptors, which... 1
- Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis ? Answer: 2. Reabsorption of Na ^+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone Diuresis is increased urine output. It is prevented when mo... 1
- Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in :(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract(d) Reduced RBC productionWhich of… Answer: 3. (c) and (d) are correct Key idea: Dialysis removes wastes, but cannot replace endocrine functions of the kidney. (a) and (b) are... 1
- Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine ? Answer: 2. Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys. Concentrated urine needs a steep osmotic gradien... 1
- Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :Column I | Column IIa. Glycosuria | i. Accumulation of uric acid in jointsb. Gout | ii. Mass of crystallised salts within the kidneyc. Renal calculi… Answer: 4. a-iv b-i c-ii d-iii Key idea: Match each disorder with its description. Glycosuria: glucose in urine (iv). Gout: uric acid crysta... 1
- A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of : Answer: 1. Atrial Natriuretic Factor Key idea: A fall in blood pressure or volume triggers hormones that raise it; ANF does the opposite. Lo... 1