Human Physiology
- Which of the following hormones released from the pituitary is actually synthesized in the hypothalamus ? Answer: 2. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Key idea: Posterior pituitary hormones are made in the hypothalamus. ADH (and oxytocin) is synthesise... 1
- Match List - I with List - II.List - I: A. Progesterone B. Relaxin C. Melanocyte stimulating hormone D. CatecholaminesList - II: I. Pars intermedia II. Ovary III. Adrenal Medulla IV. Corpus luteumChoose the correct answer from the options given below… Answer: 1. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III Key idea: Match each hormone to its source. Progesterone: corpus luteum (A-IV). Relaxin: ovary (B-II). MSH... 1
- Consider the following statements regarding function of adrenal medullary hormones :A. It causes pupilary constrictionB. It is a hyperglycemic hormoneC. It causes piloerectionD. It increases strength of heart contractionChoose the correct answer from… Answer: 2. B, C and D Only Key idea: Adrenaline and noradrenaline prepare the body for fight or flight. A: wrong. They cause pupil dilation,... 1
- Match List - I with List - II.List - I: A. Heart B. Kidney C. Gastro-intestinal tract D. Adrenal CortexList - II: I. Erythropoietin II. Aldosterone III. Atrial natriuretic factor IV. SecretinChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II Key idea: Non-endocrine organs also secrete hormones. Heart: atrial natriuretic factor (A-III). Kidney: er... 1
- Cardiac activities of the heart are regulated by :A. Nodal tissueB. A special neural centre in the medulla oblongataC. Adrenal medullary hormonesD. Adrenal cortical hormonesChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 1. A, B and C Only Key idea: The heart is regulated by nodal tissue (autorhythmic), the medullary cardiac centre (neural) and adrena... 1
- Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal (P) and distal (D) tubule of the Nephron. Answer: 2. Diagram option (2): P: HCO3-, NaCl, H2O out; H+, NH3 in. D: NaCl, H2O, HCO3- out; K+, H+ in Key idea: The proximal tubule reabsor... 1
- Match List - I with List - II.List - I: A. Emphysema; B. Angina Pectoris; C. Glomerulonephritis; D. TetanyList - II: I. Rapid spasms in muscle due to low Ca++ in body fluid; II. Damaged alveolar walls and decreased respiratory surface; III. Acute che… Answer: 4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I Emphysema: damaged alveolar walls, less respiratory surface (II) Angina pectoris: acute chest pain when th... 1
- Match List I with List II :List I:A. P waveB. QRS complexC. T waveD. T-P gapList II:I. Heart muscles are electrically silent.II. Depolarisation of ventricles.III. Depolarisation of atria.IV. Repolarisation of ventricles.Choose the correct answer from… Answer: 3. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I Key idea: read the ECG waves. P wave - depolarisation of atria (A-III). QRS complex - depolarisation of ve... 1
- Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron. Answer: 4. Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that run deep i... 1
- Match List I with List II :List I:A. Exophthalmic goiterB. AcromegalyC. Cushing's syndromeD. CretinismList II:I. Excess secretion of cortisol, moon face & hyperglycemiaII. Hypo-secretion of thyroid hormone and stunted growth.III. Hyper secretion of t… Answer: 1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II Exophthalmic goitre (Graves') - excess thyroid hormone, protruding eyeballs (A-III). Acromegaly - excess g... 1
- Given below are two statements :Statement I : The cerebral hemispheres are connected by nerve tract known as corpus callosum.Statement II : The brain stem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebrum.In the light of the above statements, choo… Answer: 4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. Statement I is correct. The corpus callosum is the nerve tract joining the... 1
- Match List I with List II :List I:A. Expiratory capacityB. Functional residual capacityC. Vital capacityD. Inspiratory capacityList II:I. Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volumeII. Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volum… Answer: 2. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III Key idea: capacities are sums of volumes. Expiratory capacity = TV + ERV (A-II). Functional residual capac... 1
- Which of the following factors are favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli? Answer: 3. High pO₂ and Lesser H^+ concentration Key idea: oxygen binding is favoured in the alveoli. Alveoli have high pO₂, low pCO₂, lower... 1
- Which of the following is not a steroid hormone? Answer: 1. Glucagon Key idea: steroid hormones are made from cholesterol. Cortisol, testosterone and progesterone are steroids. Glucagon, fr... 1
- Given below are two statements :Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes.Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium… Answer: 3. Both Statement I and Statement II are false Statement I is false. The descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water and a... 1
- Match List I with List II :List I:A. PonsB. HypothalamusC. MedullaD. CerebellumList II:I. Provides additional space for Neurons, regulates posture and balance.II. Controls respiration and gastric secretions.III. Connects different regions of the brai… Answer: 3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I Pons - fibre tracts that connect different regions of the brain (A-III). Hypothalamus - contains neurosecr... 1
- Match List I with List II :List I:A. Fibrous jointsB. Cartilaginous jointsC. Hinge jointsD. Ball and socket jointsList II:I. Adjacent vertebrae, limited movementII. Humerus and Pectoral girdle, rotational movementIII. Skull, don't allow any movementI… Answer: 1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II Fibrous joints (skull sutures) allow no movement (A-III). Cartilaginous joints between adjacent vertebrae... 1
- Following are the stages of pathway for conduction of an action potential through the heart:A. AV bundleB. Purkinje fibresC. AV nodeD. Bundle branchesE. SA nodeChoose the correct sequence of pathway from the options given below : Answer: 2. E-C-A-D-B Key idea: the impulse follows the heart's conducting system in a fixed order. SA node (pacemaker, E) → AV node (C) → AV... 1
- Which of the following statements are correct ?A. Basophils are most abundant cells of the total WBCsB. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin and heparinC. Basophils are involved in inflammatory responseD. Basophils have kidney shaped nucleusE. Baso… Answer: 4. B and C only Key idea: Recall the properties of basophils. A is wrong: neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs, basophils are the... 1
- Which of the following are NOT under the control of thyroid hormone?A. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balanceB. Regulation of basal metabolic rateC. Normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycleD. Development of immune systemE. Support the process of R.B.C… Answer: 4. C and D only Key idea: Thyroid hormones act on metabolism, water-electrolyte balance and RBC formation. A: thyroid hormones suppo... 1
- Which of the following statements are correct regarding skeletal muscle?A. Muscle bundles are held together by collagenous connective tissue layer called fascicle.B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibre is a store house of calcium ions.C. Striated… Answer: 3. B and C only Key idea: Check each statement on skeletal muscle. A is wrong: the layer of collagenous connective tissue around bun... 1
- Vital capacity of lung is ________. Answer: 1. IRV + ERV + TV Key idea: Vital capacity is the maximum air that can be breathed out after a maximum inspiration. VC = ERV + TV +... 1
- Match List I with List II.List I: A. P - wave; B. Q - wave; C. QRS complex; D. T - waveList II: I. Beginning of systole; II. Repolarisation of ventricles; III. Depolarisation of atria; IV. Depolarisation of ventriclesChoose the correct answer from th… Answer: 2. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II Key idea: Link each ECG wave to the heart event. P wave: depolarisation of the atria (III). Q wave: beginn... 1
- Given below are statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla.Reason R: Juxta medullary neph… Answer: 4. A is true but R is false. Key idea: Nephron types depend on the position of the glomerulus, and the loop of Henle follows from it... 1