Every question from past board papers on Human Physiology, newest paper first. Open any question for its full worked answer.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: A. Emphysema; B. Angina Pectoris; C. Glomerulonephritis; D. Tetany
List - II: I. Rapid spasms in muscle due to low Ca++ in body fluid; II. Damaged alveolar walls and decreased respiratory surface; III. Acute chest pain when not enough oxygen is reaching to heart muscle; IV. Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Cardiac activities of the heart are regulated by :
A. Nodal tissue
B. A special neural centre in the medulla oblongata
C. Adrenal medullary hormones
D. Adrenal cortical hormones
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal (P) and distal (D) tubule of the Nephron.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: A. Heart B. Kidney C. Gastro-intestinal tract D. Adrenal Cortex
List - II: I. Erythropoietin II. Aldosterone III. Atrial natriuretic factor IV. Secretin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Consider the following statements regarding function of adrenal medullary hormones :
A. It causes pupilary constriction
B. It is a hyperglycemic hormone
C. It causes piloerection
D. It increases strength of heart contraction
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following hormones released from the pituitary is actually synthesized in the hypothalamus ?
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: A. Progesterone B. Relaxin C. Melanocyte stimulating hormone D. Catecholamines
List - II: I. Pars intermedia II. Ovary III. Adrenal Medulla IV. Corpus luteum
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Following are the stages of pathway for conduction of an action potential through the heart:
A. AV bundle
B. Purkinje fibres
C. AV node
D. Bundle branches
E. SA node
Choose the correct sequence of pathway from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. Fibrous joints
B. Cartilaginous joints
C. Hinge joints
D. Ball and socket joints
List II:
I. Adjacent vertebrae, limited movement
II. Humerus and Pectoral girdle, rotational movement
III. Skull, don't allow any movement
IV. Knee, help in locomotion
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. Pons
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla
D. Cerebellum
List II:
I. Provides additional space for Neurons, regulates posture and balance.
II. Controls respiration and gastric secretions.
III. Connects different regions of the brain.
IV. Neuro secretory cells
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes.
Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. Expiratory capacity
B. Functional residual capacity
C. Vital capacity
D. Inspiratory capacity
List II:
I. Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume
II. Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume
III. Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume
IV. Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following factors are favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli?
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : The cerebral hemispheres are connected by nerve tract known as corpus callosum.
Statement II : The brain stem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebrum.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. P wave
B. QRS complex
C. T wave
D. T-P gap
List II:
I. Heart muscles are electrically silent.
II. Depolarisation of ventricles.
III. Depolarisation of atria.
IV. Repolarisation of ventricles.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II :
List I:
A. Exophthalmic goiter
B. Acromegaly
C. Cushing's syndrome
D. Cretinism
List II:
I. Excess secretion of cortisol, moon face & hyperglycemia
II. Hypo-secretion of thyroid hormone and stunted growth.
III. Hyper secretion of thyroid hormone & protruding eye balls.
IV. Excessive secretion of growth hormone.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.
Match List I with List II.
List I (Type of Joint): A. Cartilaginous Joint; B. Ball and Socket Joint; C. Fibrous Joint; D. Saddle Joint
List II (Found between): I. Between flat skull bones; II. Between adjacent vertebrae in vertebral column; III. Between carpal and metacarpal of thumb; IV. Between Humerus and Pectoral girdle
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II.
List I: A. CCK; B. GIP; C. ANF; D. ADH
List II: I. Kidney; II. Heart; III. Gastric gland; IV. Pancreas
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II with respect to human eye.
List I: A. Fovea; B. Iris; C. Blind spot; D. Sclera
List II: I. Visible coloured portion of eye that regulates diameter of pupil.; II. External layer of eye formed of dense connective tissue.; III. Point of greatest visual acuity or resolution.; IV. Point where optic nerve leaves the eyeball and photoreceptor cells are absent.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Vital capacity of lung is ________.
Given below are statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla.
Reason R: Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II.
List I: A. P - wave; B. Q - wave; C. QRS complex; D. T - wave
List II: I. Beginning of systole; II. Repolarisation of ventricles; III. Depolarisation of atria; IV. Depolarisation of ventricles
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The parts of human brain that helps in regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of excitement, pleasure, rage, fear etc. are :
Which of the following statements are correct?
A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors.
B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.
C. ANF causes vasodilation.
D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.
E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following are NOT under the control of thyroid hormone?
A. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance
B. Regulation of basal metabolic rate
C. Normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle
D. Development of immune system
E. Support the process of R.B.Cs formation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements are correct ?
A. Basophils are most abundant cells of the total WBCs
B. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin and heparin
C. Basophils are involved in inflammatory response
D. Basophils have kidney shaped nucleus
E. Basophils are agranulocytes
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements are correct regarding skeletal muscle?
A. Muscle bundles are held together by collagenous connective tissue layer called fascicle.
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibre is a store house of calcium ions.
C. Striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibre is due to distribution pattern of actin and myosin proteins.
D. M line is considered as functional unit of contraction called sarcomere.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements :
Statement I :
The coagulum is formed of network of threads called thrombins.
Statement II :
Spleen is the graveyard of erythrocytes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by :
Which of the following is present between the adjacent bones of the vertebral column ?
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
Osteoporosis is characterised by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures.
Reason (R) :
Common cause of osteoporosis is increased levels of estrogen.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Which of the following is not the function of conducting part of respiratory system ?
Given below are two statements :
Statement I :
Fatty acids and glycerols cannot be absorbed into the blood.
Statement II :
Specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals carry chylomicrons into lymphatic vessels and ultimately into the blood.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Which of the following is a correct match for disease and its symptoms ?
Under normal physiological conditions in human being every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver ______ ml of \(O_2\) to the tissues.
Which one of the following statements is correct ?
Which of the following are not the effects of Parathyroid hormone ?
(a) Stimulates the process of bone resorption
(b) Decreases \(Ca^{2+}\) level in blood
(c) Reabsorption of \(Ca^{2+}\) by renal tubules
(d) Decreases the absorption of \(Ca^{2+}\) from digested food
(e) Increases metabolism of carbohydrates
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Select the incorrect statement regarding synapses :
Chronic auto immune disorder affecting neuro muscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle is called as :
Select the favourable conditions required for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin at the alveoli.
Sphincter of oddi is present at :
The partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen (O\(_2\)) and carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are :
Which of the following statements wrongly represents the nature of smooth muscle ?
Succus entericus is referred to as :
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of inactive fibrinogens to fibrins ?
Erythropoietin hormone which stimulates R.B.C. formation is produced by :
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I / List - II
(a) Scapula (i) Cartilaginous joints
(b) Cranium (ii) Flat bone
(c) Sternum (iii) Fibrous joints
(d) Vertebral column (iv) Triangular flat bone
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Assertion (A) :
A person goes to high altitude and experiences ‘altitude sickness’ with symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations.
Reason (R) :
Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude, the body does not get sufficient oxygen.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
During muscular contraction which of the following events occur ?
(a) ‘H’ zone disappears
(b) ‘A’ band widens
(c) ‘I’ band reduces in width
(d) Myosine hydrolyzes ATP, releasing the ADP and Pi
(e) Z-lines attached to actins are pulled inwards
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen.
Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.
(a) Contraction of diaphragm
(b) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles
(c) Pulmonary volume decreases
(d) Intra pulmonary pressure increases
Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system.
Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus ?
The enzyme enterokinase helps in conversion of :
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
Column - I | Column - II
(a) Organ of Corti | (i) Connects middle ear and pharynx
(b) Cochlea | (ii) Coiled part of the labyrinth
(c) Eustachian tube | (iii) Attached to the oval window
(d) Stapes | (iv) Located on the basilar membrane
Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis ?
The QRS complex in a standard ECG represents :
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
Column - I | Column - II
(a) Eosinophils | (i) Immune response
(b) Basophils | (ii) Phagocytosis
(c) Neutrophils | (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes
(d) Lymphocytes | (iv) Release granules containing histamine
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
Column - I | Column - II
(a) Pituitary gland | (i) Grave's disease
(b) Thyroid gland | (ii) Diabetes mellitus
(c) Adrenal gland | (iii) Diabetes insipidus
(d) Pancreas | (iv) Addison's disease
Select the correct statement.
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
Column - I | Column - II
(a) Floating Ribs | (i) Located between second and seventh ribs
(b) Acromion | (ii) Head of the Humerus
(c) Scapula | (iii) Clavicle
(d) Glenoid cavity | (iv) Do not connect with the sternum
Which part of the brain is responsible for thermoregulation ?
Which of the following muscular disorders is inherited ?
Match the Column - I with Column - II :
Column - I | Column - II
(a) P - wave | (i) Depolarisation of ventricles
(b) QRS complex | (ii) Repolarisation of ventricles
(c) T - wave | (iii) Coronary ischemia
(d) Reduction in the size of T - wave | (iv) Depolarisation of atria
| (v) Repolarisation of atria
Select the correct option.
How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities ?
Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas are suffering from respiratory disorder causing wheezing due to :
What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5 L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL ?
Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine ?
Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 mL and 1000 mL respectively. What will be his Expiratory Capacity if the Residual Volume is 1200 mL ?
Which of the following glucose transporters is insulin-dependent ?
Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in :
(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions
(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract
(d) Reduced RBC production
Which of the following options is the most appropriate ?
Which of the following statements is correct ?
Match the following hormones with the respective disease :
(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre
(v) Diabetes mellitus
Select the correct option.
Select the correct option.
Which of the following is an amino acid derived hormone ?
Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function ?
The transparent lens in the human eye is held in its place by
Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis ?
Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively ?
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :
Column I | Column II
a. Tricuspid valve | i. Between left atrium and left ventricle
b. Bicuspid valve | ii. Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
c. Semilunar valve | iii. Between right atrium and right ventricle
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :
Column I | Column II
a. Tidal volume | i. 2500 – 3000 mL
b. Inspiratory Reserve volume | ii. 1100 – 1200 mL
c. Expiratory Reserve volume | iii. 500 – 550 mL
d. Residual volume | iv. 1000 – 1100 mL
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :
Column I | Column II
a. Glycosuria | i. Accumulation of uric acid in joints
b. Gout | ii. Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney
c. Renal calculi | iii. Inflammation in glomeruli
d. Glomerular nephritis | iv. Presence of glucose in urine
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :
Column I (Function) | Column II (Part of Excretory System)
a. Ultrafiltration | i. Henle's loop
b. Concentration of urine | ii. Ureter
c. Transport of urine | iii. Urinary bladder
d. Storage of urine | iv. Malpighian corpuscle
| v. Proximal convoluted tubule
Nissl bodies are mainly composed of
Which of the following terms describe human dentition ?
Which of the following gastric cells indirectly help in erythropoiesis ?
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below :
Column I | Column II
a. Fibrinogen | i. Osmotic balance
b. Globulin | ii. Blood clotting
c. Albumin | iii. Defence mechanism
Which of the following is an occupational respiratory disorder ?
Calcium is important in skeletal muscle contraction because it
A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of :
A baby boy aged two years is admitted to play school and passes through a dental check - up. The dentist observed that the boy had twenty teeth. Which teeth were absent ?
Which of the following statements is correct ?
Adult human RBCs are enucleate. Which of the following statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this feature ?
(a) They do not need to reproduce
(b) They are somatic cells
(c) They do not metabolize
(d) All their internal space is available for oxygen transport
Options :
Out of 'X' pairs of ribs in humans only 'Y' pairs are true ribs. Select the option that correctly represents values of X and Y and provides their explanation :
The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from :
The pivot joint between atlas and axis is a type of :
GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in reproduction, acts on :
Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on :
Myelin sheath is produced by :
A temporary endocrine gland in the human body is :
Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of :
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone in adults does not cause further increase in height, because :
Good vision depends on adequate intake of carotene-rich food.
Select the best option from the following statements.
(a) Vitamin A derivatives are formed from carotene.
(b) The photopigments are embedded in the membrane discs of the inner segment.
(c) Retinal is a derivative of Vitamin A.
(d) Retinal is a light absorbing part of all the visual photopigments.
Options :
Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking :
Photosensitive compound in human eye is made up of :
Which of the following pairs of hormones are not antagonistic (having opposite effects) to each other ?
Asthma may be attributed to :
Identify the correct statement on 'inhibin' :
Lack of relaxation between successive stimuli in sustained muscle contraction is known as :
The amino acid Tryptophan is the precursor for the synthesis of :
Reduction in pH of blood will :
Blood pressure in the pulmonary artery is :
In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea ?
It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because :
Which hormones do stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is
Choose the correct statement.
Graves' disease is caused due to
Name the ion responsible for unmasking of active sites for myosin for cross-bridge activity during muscle contraction.
Name the blood cells, whose reduction in number can cause clotting disorder, leading to excessive loss of blood from the body.
Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization.
Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to
Serum differs from blood in
Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because
The posterior pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because
The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is
