#engineering physics 2
- Engineering Physics 2 Formulas – First Year second semester MU Engineering Physics 2 Formulas – First Year second semester MU 1
- Distinguish between single mode and multimode optical fiber. Distinguish between single mode and multimode optical fiber. 2
- Distinguish between step index and graded index optical fiber. Sr.no. Step index fibre Graded index fibre. 1 The refractive index of the core of step index fiber is constant throughout the core. The refr... 1
- Derive Maxwell’s third equation in integral and differential form Maxwell's third equation is Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: oint vec E· dvec l = -d/dt∫ vec B· dvec S (integral form) and nabla×... 1
- Draw the schematic diagram of Scanning Electron Microscope SEM is a type of electron microscope that uses electron beam which is focused on the specimen and by detecting the signals from the interact... 1
- What is population inversion state? Explain its significance in the operation of LASER 1.Normally atoms have the tendency to return to ground state releasing the absorbed energy. Hence, the population of atoms in ground state i... 1
- Compute the maximum radius allowed for a fiber having core refractive index 1.5 and 1.48. Compute the maximum radius allowed for a fiber having core refractive index 1.5 and 1.48. the fiber is to support only one mode at a wavelen... 2
- What is a grating? Define grating element? A diffraction grating is a plane glass plate with a large number of equidistant, parallel, very fine slits (ruled lines); the grating elemen... 1
- Discuss the phenomenon of Fraunhofer’s diffraction at a single slit FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION AT SINGLE SLIT Let us first consider a parallel beam of light incident normally on a slit AB of width ‘a’ which is of... 1
- With neat energy level diagram describe the construction and working of a He-Ne Laser. It consists of a long discharge tube of length 50 cm and diameter 1 cm. The tube is filled with a mixture of He and Ne in the ratio 10:1. El... 1
- What are different techniques to synthesize nanomaterials? Answer :: The different techniques to synthesis nanomaterial are : 1.Ball milling 2.Sputtering 3.Vapour deposition 4.Sol gel technique 5.LAS... 1
- State the advantages of optical fiber cables on conventional electrical cables. Advantages of optical fiber cables on conventional electrical cables. . Large Potential bandwidth: As the optical carrier frequency is in th... 1
- Find the divergence and curl of a vector Find the divergence and curl of a vector 1
- Derive the expression of numerical aperture for a step index fiber. Derive the expression of numerical aperture for a step index fiber. A light ray enters an optical fiber from air. The fiber has core refract... 2
- Light is incident normally on a grating 0.25 cm wide with 1250 lines. Data : Number of lines / cm (N)= 5000 m=1 λ1=5895 Å λ2=5901 Å Formula : (a+b)sinθ=Nλ mN=λ/dλ Calculations : —1 —-2 —3 Number of lines / cm r... 2
- Explain top down and bottom up approaches to prepare nanomaterials. Top-down and bottom-up approaches are two common strategies used in the preparation of nanomaterials, each with its own advantages and limit... 1
- Explain the construction and reconstruction of hologram. Holography technique to obtain 3D image of an object: 1. Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Holography is actually... 1
- Calculate the V number of an optical fibre having numerical aperture 0.25 NA = 0.25 Core diameter = 20 μm λ0= 1.55 μm Formula: V = ᴨd / λ0 ×NA V = 3.14×20×10⁻⁶ /1.55 ×10⁻⁶ ×0.25 V = 10.13 1
- What is pumping in LASER? Give the types of pumping. The process of raising large number of atoms from lower energy to a higher energy level is called pumping. Types of pumping: 1. Optical pump... 1
- Calculate the V number of an optical fibre having numerical aperture 0.25 and core diameter 20 μm NA = 0.25 Core diameter = 20 μm λ0= 1.55 μm Formula: V = ᴨd / λ0 ×NA V = 3.14×20×10⁻⁶ /1.55 ×10⁻⁶ ×0.25 V = 10.13 1
- Monochromatic light of wavelength 6560 A0 falls normally on a grating 2 cm wide. The first order Answer: Total number of lines on the grating ≈ 8506 Grating equation for first order: (a+b)sinθ = λ. λ = 6560\ Å = 6.56 × 10⁻⁵ cm, θ = 16^°... 1
- A monochromatic light from He-Ne laser λ=6328A0 is incident normally on a diffraction grating having 6000 lines/cm. Answer: First order at θ₁ = 22.3^°, second order at θ₂ = 49.4^° Grating equation: (a+b)sinθ = nλ. (a+b) = 1/6000\ cm = 1.667 × 10⁻⁴ cm, λ =... 2