Biotechnology and Its Applications

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Why can't insulin be given orally to diabetic patients? Answer: 2. It will be digested in Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract Key idea: Insulin is a protein (peptide hormone). If taken orally, it is dige... Applications in health: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy 1 answer
Which of the following enzyme(s) are NOT essential for gene cloning?A. Restriction enzymesB. DNA ligaseC. DNA mutaseD. DNA recombinaseE. DNA polymeraseChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 1. C and D only Key idea: Gene cloning needs enzymes to cut (restriction enzymes), join (DNA ligase), and make copies (DNA polymeras... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
The blue and white selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinant colonies from non-recombinant colonies on the basis of their ability to produce colour in presence of a chromogenic substrate.Given below are two statements abo… Answer: 4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Key idea: Insertional inactivation of the lacZ gene (β-galactosidase). In a... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
Silencing of specific mRNA is possible via RNAi because of - Answer: 1. Complementary dsRNA Key idea: RNA interference (RNAi) works through double-stranded RNA. A dsRNA complementary to a specific mRNA... Applications in agriculture: GMOs, Bt crops 1 answer
Given below are two statements :Statement I : The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in construction of recombinant DNA.Statement II : Smaller size DNA fragments are observed near anode while larger fragments are found near… Answer: 1. Both statement I and statement II are correct Key idea: Gel electrophoresis separates DNA by size, and the separated bands can be... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin? Answer: 1. Bacterium Key idea: Eli Lilly produced human insulin in 1983 using the bacterium E. coli. They made the A and B chains separately... Applications in health: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy 1 answer
Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a foam braker from the given figure. Answer: 4. C Key idea: In a stirred-tank bioreactor the foam breaker is a blade on the shaft near the top, in the headspace above the cultur... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
In the above represented plasmid an alien piece of DNA is inserted at EcoRI site. Which of the following strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant colonies? Answer: 3. White color colonies will be selected. Key idea: The figure shows the EcoRI site inside the gene for β -galactosidase. Inserting... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA following the equation. Answer: 2. 2ⁿ Key idea: In each PCR cycle every DNA molecule is copied once, so the number of copies doubles. Starting from one DNA molecule... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
Which of the following statements is incorrect? Answer: 4. Bio-reactors are used to produce small scale bacterial cultures. Bioreactors are large vessels (hundreds to thousands of litres)... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
The "Ti plasmid" of Agrobacterium tumefaciens stands for Answer: 4. Tumor inducing plasmid The Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the tumour-inducing plasmid. Part of it (T-DNA) enters plan... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
The following diagram showing restriction sites in E.coli cloning vector pBR322. Find the role of 'X' and 'Y' genes : Answer: 3. The gene 'X' is responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA and 'Y' for protein involved in the replication of... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
Match List I with List II :List I:A. α-1 antitrypsinB. Cry IAbC. Cry IAcD. Enzyme replacement therapyList II:I. Cotton bollwormII. ADA deficiencyIII. EmphysemaIV. Corn borerChoose the correct answer from the options given below : Answer: 4. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II Key idea: link each biotech product or therapy with its use. α-1 antitrypsin - treats emphysema (III). Cry... Applications in health: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy 1 answer
Given below are two statements:Statement I : Bt toxins are insect group specific and coded by a gene cry IAc.Statement II : Bt toxin exists as inactive protoxin in B. thuringiensis. However, after ingestion by the insect the inactive protoxin gets co… Answer: 4. Statement I is true but Statement II is false Key idea: Bt toxin is specific to insect groups, and the protoxin is activated in a... Applications in agriculture: GMOs, Bt crops 1 answer
What is the fate of a piece of DNA carrying only gene of interest which is transferred into an alien organism?A. The piece of DNA would be able to multiply itself independently in the progeny cells of the organism.B. It may get integrated into the ge… Answer: 4. B and C only Key idea: a piece of alien DNA without an origin of replication cannot multiply on its own. It either integrates int... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
Hind II always cuts DNA molecules at a particular point called recognition sequence and it consists of: Answer: 3. 6 bp Key idea: restriction enzymes such as Hind II recognise a specific palindromic sequence of 6 base pairs. Hind II recognises... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
Which one of the following techniques does not serve the purpose of early diagnosis of a disease for its early treatment? Answer: 3. Serum and Urine analysis Key idea: Early diagnosis needs methods that detect a pathogen or a gene before symptoms appear. PCR amp... Applications in health: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy 1 answer
Which of the following is not a cloning vector? Answer: 1. Probe Key idea: A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and replicates there. BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome), YAC... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
In gene gun method used to introduce alien DNA into host cells, microparticles of ________ metal are used. Answer: 4. Tungsten or gold Key idea: In the biolistic (gene gun) method, DNA is coated on microscopic particles of tungsten or gold, which... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.B. Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.C. Isolation of desired DNA frag… Answer: 2. B, C, D, A or 4. C, B, D, A Key idea: A recombinant DNA is made by cutting the DNA, getting the desired fragment, amplifying it,... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with ethidium bromide will show Answer: 1. Bright orange colour Key idea: DNA stained with ethidium bromide and exposed to UV light fluoresces as bright orange bands. This... Processes of recombinant DNA technology 1 answer
Statements related to human Insulin are given below. Which statement(s) is/are correct about genetically engineered Insulin ?(a) Pro-hormone insulin contain extra stretch of C-peptide(b) A-peptide and B-peptide chains of insulin were produced separat… Answer: 3. (b) only Key idea: The question is about genetically engineered insulin. (b) Correct: A and B chains were made separately in E. c... Applications in health: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy 1 answer
Which of the following is not a desirable feature of a cloning vector ? Answer: 1. Presence of two or more recognition sites Key idea: A good cloning vector should have a single recognition site for the restricti... Tools: restriction enzymes, vectors, host 1 answer
In gene therapy of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency, the patient requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes because : Answer: 1. Genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal cells. Key idea: Lymphocytes are short-lived, so the gene-corrected cells mus... Applications in health: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy 1 answer

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