Human Physiology
- Sphincter of oddi is present at : Answer: 2. Junction of hepato-pancreatic duct and duodenum The sphincter of Oddi guards the opening of the common hepato-pancreatic duct int... 1
- Which of the following statements wrongly represents the nature of smooth muscle ? Answer: 3. Communication among the cells is performed by intercalated discs Smooth muscles are unstriated, involuntary and found in walls of... 1
- Chronic auto immune disorder affecting neuro muscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle is called as : Answer: 3. Myasthenia gravis An autoimmune attack on the neuromuscular junction causing fatigue and paralysis of skeletal muscle is myasthen... 1
- Match the following columns and select the correct option.Column - I | Column - II(a) Eosinophils | (i) Immune response(b) Basophils | (ii) Phagocytosis(c) Neutrophils | (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes(d) Lymphocytes | (iv) Release gra… Answer: 1. (a) (iii), (b) (iv), (c) (ii), (d) (i) Eosinophils: release histaminase and destructive enzymes, (a) - (iii). Basophils: release... 1
- The QRS complex in a standard ECG represents : Answer: 3. Depolarisation of ventricles In an ECG, the P wave is atrial depolarisation, the QRS complex is ventricular depolarisation (the s... 1
- Select the correct statement. Answer: 1. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. Glucocorticoids (cortisol) stimulate gluconeogenesis, so option 1 is correct. Glucagon... 1
- Match the following columns and select the correct option.Column - I | Column - II(a) Pituitary gland | (i) Grave's disease(b) Thyroid gland | (ii) Diabetes mellitus(c) Adrenal gland | (iii) Diabetes insipidus(d) Pancreas | (iv) Addison's disease Answer: 3. (a) (iii), (b) (i), (c) (iv), (d) (ii) Pituitary: diabetes insipidus (lack of ADH), (a) - (iii). Thyroid: Graves' disease (hypert... 1
- Match the following columns and select the correct option.Column - I | Column - II(a) Floating Ribs | (i) Located between second and seventh ribs(b) Acromion | (ii) Head of the Humerus(c) Scapula | (iii) Clavicle(d) Glenoid cavity | (iv) Do not conne… Answer: 4. (a) (iv), (b) (iii), (c) (i), (d) (ii) Floating ribs (11th and 12th) do not connect with the sternum: (a) - (iv). Acromion is a p... 1
- Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system. Answer: 3. Ileum is a highly coiled part. The ileum is the long, highly coiled part of the small intestine. Option 1 is wrong: the ileum ope... 1
- The enzyme enterokinase helps in conversion of : Answer: 2. trypsinogen into trypsin Enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal mucosa, activates trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin then activa... 1
- Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus ? Answer: 3. Ketonuria and Glycosuria Diabetes mellitus shows glycosuria (glucose in urine) and ketonuria (ketone bodies in urine). Because in... 1
- Match the following columns and select the correct option.Column - I | Column - II(a) Organ of Corti | (i) Connects middle ear and pharynx(b) Cochlea | (ii) Coiled part of the labyrinth(c) Eustachian tube | (iii) Attached to the oval window(d) Stapes… Answer: 3. (a) (iv), (b) (ii), (c) (i), (d) (iii) Organ of Corti sits on the basilar membrane: (a) - (iv). Cochlea is the coiled part of the... 1
- Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis ? Answer: 2. Reabsorption of Na ^+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone Diuresis is increased urine output. It is prevented when mo... 1
- Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen. Answer: 3. Higher H^+ conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. Key idea: Oxygen binding to haemoglobin is favoured by high... 1
- Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.(a) Contraction of diaphragm(b) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles(c) Pulmonary volume decreases(d) Intra pulmonary pressure increases Answer: 1. (a) and (b) Key idea: Inspiration is an active process that increases thoracic volume. The diaphragm and external intercostal mus... 1
- Match the following hormones with the respective disease :(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus(c) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre(v) Diabetes mellitusSelect the correct option. Answer: 3. (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii) Key idea: Match each hormone with the disorder from its deficiency or excess. Insulin: diab... 1
- Select the correct option. Answer: 4. There are seven pairs of vertebrosternal, three pairs of vertebrochondral and two pairs of vertebral ribs. Key idea: Humans have... 1
- Which of the following glucose transporters is insulin-dependent ? Answer: 4. GLUT IV Key idea: GLUT4 is the insulin-regulated glucose transporter. GLUT4 is found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue; insul... 1
- Which of the following statements is correct ? Answer: 4. Cornea consists of dense matrix of collagen and is the most sensitive portion of the eye. Key idea: The cornea is made of dense c... 1
- Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in :(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract(d) Reduced RBC productionWhich of… Answer: 3. (c) and (d) are correct Key idea: Dialysis removes wastes, but cannot replace endocrine functions of the kidney. (a) and (b) are... 1
- Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 mL and 1000 mL respectively. What will be his Expiratory Capacity if the Residual Volume is 1200 mL ? Answer: 1. 1500 mL Key idea: Expiratory capacity (EC) = tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume. EC = TV + ERV = 500 + 1000 = 1500\ mL . Th... 1
- What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5 L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL ? Answer: 3. 100 beats per minute Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate. Stroke volume =100-50=50 mL. Heart rate=5000 mL/min/50 mL/beat=... 1
- Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine ? Answer: 2. Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys. Concentrated urine needs a steep osmotic gradien... 1
- Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas are suffering from respiratory disorder causing wheezing due to : Answer: 2. inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles. Wheezing is typical of asthma, which is inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caus... 1