Human Physiology
- The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from : Answer: 3. Intestine Key idea: The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver. Of the options, t... 1
- GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in reproduction, acts on : Answer: 1. anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH and FSH. Key idea: Hypothalamic releasing hormones act on the anterior pi... 1
- Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on : Answer: 3. post-synaptic membrane Key idea: At a chemical synapse the neurotransmitter crosses the cleft and binds to receptors on the next... 1
- The pivot joint between atlas and axis is a type of : Answer: 2. synovial joint Key idea: Joints that allow free movement are synovial. The atlas-axis joint (the odontoid process turning in a ri... 1
- Adult human RBCs are enucleate. Which of the following statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this feature ?(a) They do not need to reproduce(b) They are somatic cells(c) They do not metabolize(d) All their internal space is available f… Answer: 2. (a), (c) and (d) Key idea: Losing the nucleus suits the RBC for its single job, carrying oxygen. (a) Mature RBCs do not divide, s... 1
- A baby boy aged two years is admitted to play school and passes through a dental check - up. The dentist observed that the boy had twenty teeth. Which teeth were absent ? Answer: 2. Pre-molars Key idea: A two-year-old has milk (temporary) teeth only, with dental formula 2102/2102 . Per half-jaw: 2 incisors, 1... 1
- Which of the following statements is correct ? Answer: 4. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water. Key idea: The two limbs of the loop of Henle differ in permeability,... 1
- Out of 'X' pairs of ribs in humans only 'Y' pairs are true ribs. Select the option that correctly represents values of X and Y and provides their explanation : Answer: 4. X=12, Y=7 True ribs are attached dorsally to vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum. Key idea: Humans have 12 pairs of rib... 1
- A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of : Answer: 1. Atrial Natriuretic Factor Key idea: A fall in blood pressure or volume triggers hormones that raise it; ANF does the opposite. Lo... 1
- Name the blood cells, whose reduction in number can cause clotting disorder, leading to excessive loss of blood from the body. Answer: 3. Thrombocytes Thrombocytes (platelets) release clotting factors and form the platelet plug at an injury. A fall in their number (t... 1
- Serum differs from blood in Answer: 2. lacking clotting factors Serum is plasma without the clotting factors (fibrinogen and others), or in other words the fluid left a... 1
- The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is Answer: 1. more than that in the blood Gases move from higher to lower partial pressure (pO₂). Alveolar pO₂ is about 104 mm Hg, while deoxyg... 1
- Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because Answer: 1. there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls The pleural cavity around each lung has a pressure lower than... 1
- Which hormones do stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate? Answer: 2. Cholecystokinin and secretin Hormones of the gut control pancreatic secretion. Secretin acts on pancreatic acinar cells to releas... 1
- Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization. Answer: 4. Insulin Insulin is a peptide hormone from the beta cells of the pancreas. It acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes (and muscl... 1
- The posterior pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because Answer: 1. it only stores and releases hormones The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) does not make its own hormones. Oxytocin and vasop... 1
- The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is Answer: 1. proximal convoluted tubule The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs about 70 to 80 percent of the filtered Na⁺ (with water,... 1
- Graves' disease is caused due to Answer: 1. hypersecretion of thyroid gland Graves' disease is a form of hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disease in which antibodies stimulate... 1
- Name the ion responsible for unmasking of active sites for myosin for cross-bridge activity during muscle contraction. Answer: 4. Calcium When a nerve signal reaches the muscle, Ca²⁺ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca²⁺ binds to troponin on the t... 1
- Choose the correct statement. Answer: 2. Photoreceptors in the human eye are depolarized during darkness and become hyperpolarized in response to the light stimulus. Go t... 1
- Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to Answer: 2. decreased level of estrogen Osteoporosis is a loss of bone mass that makes bones fragile. It is common after menopause or in old... 1
- In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea ? Answer: 3. Hepatic Vein Urea is made in the liver, so the blood leaving the liver through the hepatic vein carries the largest amount of ure... 1
- It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because : Answer: 2. Smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate. Smaller animals have a larger surface area to volume ratio and so a higher metaboli... 1
- Reduction in pH of blood will : Answer: 3. decrease the affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen. A fall in blood pH (more H⁺, higher CO₂) shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to... 1