Q.1 (i) The electrolyte used in H2 – O2 fuel cell is _____.
Chemistry
Question from maharashtra board chemistry book of 12th maharashtra board
Every question from past board papers on Chemistry, newest paper first. Open any question for its full worked answer.
Maharashtra HSC Chemistry Board Paper March 2026 with Solutions
Full paper →-
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Q.1 (ii) The oxidation state of bromine in HOBrO2 oxoacid is _____.
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Q.1 (iii) Acetonitrile may be prepared by heating the following reactants :
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Q.1 (iv) The carbonated water is an example of _____.
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Q.1 (v) The unit of rate constant is per second, the order of reaction is –
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Q.1 (vi) A system releases 10 kJ of heat and performs 15 kJ of work on the surrounding. Hence the change in internal energy is :
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Q.1 (vii) The co-ordination complex ions [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2⊕ and [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]2⊕ are _____ of each other.
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Q.1 (viii) The correct order for basic strength of amines and ammonia is _____.
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Q.1 (ix) Amongst the following 3d-series elements, having highest value of first ionization enthalpy is _____.
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Q.1 (x) The pOH of 0.01 M HCl solution is _____.
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Q.2 (i) Write the name of product obtained, when selenium is treated with magnesium metal.
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Q.2 (ii) Write the SI unit of cell constant.
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Q.2 (iii) Write the name of radioactive element in lanthanide series.
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Q.2 (iv) Complete the following reaction :
Phenol (C6H5OH, a benzene ring carrying an –OH group) + 3 H2 —(Nickel, 433 K)→ ? -
Q.2 (v) Write the IUPAC name of :
(Structure: a benzene ring carrying a –CHO group, and an –OH group on the adjacent (ortho) carbon.) -
Q.2 (vi) Copper has fcc structure with edge length 495 pm. What is the radius of copper atom in pm?
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Q.2 (vii) Write the chemical name of Teflon.
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Q.2 (viii) Write the name of nanoparticle which acts as highly effective bacterial disinfectant.
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Q.3
Define : (a) Isomorphism (b) Unit Cell
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Q.4
Explain the trends in the following properties of group 17 elements : (i) Atomic radii (ii) Electronegativity
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Q.5
Explain Homoleptic and Heteroleptic complexes with example.
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Q.6
(a) Write the reaction of bromine water on glucose.
(b) Define – Enantiomers -
Q.7
(i) Write example of one dimensional nanostructure of size less than 100 nm.
(ii) Write the hydrolysis reaction of ethyl methyl ether. -
Q.8
Calculate the osmotic pressure of solution containing 0.822 gm of sucrose in 300 mL of water at 298 K. [ Given : Molar mass of sucrose 342 g/mol, R = 0.08205 dm\(^3\) atm K\(^{-1}\) mol\(^{-1}\) ]
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Q.9
Write the mathematical equation of first law of thermodynamics for following processes : (a) Isochoric process (b) Adiabatic process
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Q.10
Write two similarities and two differences between lanthanoids and actinoids.
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Q.11
What is the action of following reagents on chlorobenzene? (i) conc. HNO3 (ii) fuming H2SO4
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Q.12
Explain Cannizzaro reaction with suitable example.
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Q.13
A chemical reaction occurs in two steps :
(i) NO2Cl(g) —(slow)→ NO2(g) + Cl(g)
(ii) NO2Cl(g) + Cl(g) —(fast)→ NO2(g) + Cl2(g)
(a) Write down the rate law.
(b) Identify the reaction intermediate. -
Q.14
The standard potential of electrode Cu++ (0.02 M) | Cu(s) is 0.337 volt. Calculate its potential in volt.
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Q.15
(i) Derive relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of non volatile solute.
(ii) Write statement of second law of thermodynamics. -
Q.16
(i) Convert, acetamide into ethyl amine.
(ii) Explain amphoteric nature of water. -
Q.17
Convert the following :
(i) Ethanol into sodium ethoxide.
(ii) Phenol into o-phenol sulfonic acid.
(iii) Bromomethane into methoxyethane. -
Q.18
(i) What is peptide linkage?
(ii) Write general characteristics of interhalogen compounds. -
Q.19
(i) Write observed electronic configuration of chromium (Z = 24).
(ii) Calculate magnetic moment of Ti3+ by using spin only formula. (Z of Ti = 22)
(iii) Define Green chemistry. -
Q.20
(i) Write examples of coordination metal complexes in biology.
(ii) Calculate the work done in oxidation of 2 moles of SO2 at 298K, if SO2(g) + ½ O2(g) → SO3(g) [ Given : R = 8.314 J/K/mol ] -
Q.21
(i) Write the formula to measure % atom economy according to green chemistry.
(ii) Convert : (a) Benzene into benzaldehyde (b) Cyclohexene into adipic acid -
Q.22
(i) Write a reaction for preparation of Nylon-6.
(ii) The salt of Sc3+ ion is colourless and the salt of Mn3+ ion is coloured. Explain. [ Z of Sc = 21 and Z of Mn = 25 ] -
Q.23
(i) Write the postulates of Werner’s theory of co-ordination complexes.
(ii) What is the action of ethane –1, 2 – diol on acetone? -
Q.24
(i) Write Tollen’s reagent test for acetaldehyde.
(ii) Write the structure of zwitter ion of sulfanilic acid. Write the reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and phenol in alkaline medium. -
Q.25
(i) Define : Common ion effect.
(ii) Write preparation of glucose from starch. -
Q.26
(i) Draw the structure of 2, 4 – dinitrophenylhydrazone of acetaldehyde.
(ii) The rate of A + B → P is 3.6 × 10−2 mol/dm3/s. When [A] = 0.2 M and [B] = 0.1 M. Calculate the rate constant if reaction is first order in B and second order in A. -
Q.27
(i) Define : (a) Isotonic solution (b) Molecularity of reaction
(ii) State and explain Hess’s law of constant heat summation. -
Q.28
(i) Define : (a) Schottky defect (b) Ferromagnetism
(ii) Write the name of catalyst used in preparation of HDP.
(iii) Draw structure of isoprene unit of natural rubber. -
Q.29
(i) Calculate effective atomic number of Fe2⊕ in [Fe(CN)6]4⊖ [ Given : (Z = 26) ]
(ii) Draw neat and labelled diagram of lead accumulator.
(iii) Write two advantages of hydrogen – oxygen fuel cell. -
Q.30
(i) Convert, ethanoic acid to ethanol.
(ii) Explain the mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of bromomethane. -
Q.31
(i) Acetic acid is 5% ionised in its decimolar solution. Calculate the dissociation constant of acetic acid.
(ii) Write chemical formula of epsom salt. Give two uses of H2SO4.
Maharashtra HSC Chemistry Board Paper June 2026 with Solutions
Full paper →-
Q.1 (i) Which of the following is NOT an elastomer?
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Q.1 (ii) Anisole reacts with HI at 398K to form –
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Q.1 (iii) Unit of Henry’s constant is _____.
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Q.1 (iv) The shape of bromine penta-fluoride is _____.
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Q.1 (v) The relation between edge length and radius for body centered cubic structure is –
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Q.1 (vi) Atomic number of post actinoid element range from–
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Q.1 (vii) The pH of buffer solution containing 0.05 mol NaF per litre and 0.01 mol HF per litre (pKa = 3.1427) is ____.
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Q.1 (viii) Preparation of ethanamine from acetonitrile represents –
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Q.1 (ix) The source of dichlorocarbene is _____.
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Q.1 (x) The reagent used to convert acetyl chloride to acetaldehyde is –
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Q.2 (i) Write the relation between conductivity and molar conductivity.
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Q.2 (ii) Write the oxidation state of Nickel in [Ni(Cl)4]2– complex ion.
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Q.2 (iii) Write the name of nanostructured material used in tyres of car to increase their life.
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Q.2 (iv) Write the glycosidic linkage present in maltose.
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Q.2 (v) Draw the structure of perchloric acid.
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Q.2 (vi) Write the trade name of most common thermoplastic polyester.
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Q.2 (vii) Calculate change over temperature for a certain reaction, whose ΔH° is – 60 kJ and ΔS° is –150 JK–1.
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Q.2 (viii) Write the unit of rate constant of zero order reaction.
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Q.3 Write reactions involved during preparation of Nylon 6, 6 fibre.
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Q.4 Derive Ostwald’s dilution law equation for a weak acid.
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Q.5 Draw the structures of two forms of alanine having pH 2 and pH 10.
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Q.6
Define the following terms :
(a) Intensive property
(b) Standard enthalpy of combustion
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Q.7
What is the action of following reagents on ethyl amine? (Indicate by reaction)
(a) Nitrous acid
(b) Chloroform and KOH
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Q.8
(a) State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
(b) Write Nernst equation to calculate electrode potential.
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Q.9
(a) Write general electronic configuration of 3d series elements.
(b) Write any two points which explain about the colour of a transition metal ion.
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Q.10 Explain aldol condensation reaction with respect to ethanal.
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Q.11 Write a note on Kolbe reaction.
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Q.12
(a) Write the relation between standard cell potential and equilibrium constant.
(b) Write the representation of sodium hexacyanoferrate (III) complex.
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Q.13 In first order reaction 60% of reactant decomposes in 40 min. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction.
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Q.14 Explain optical activity of 2-chlorobutane.
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Q.15
(a) Derive a relationship between molar mass, density of the substance and unit cell edge length.
(b) Define - paramagnetic solids.
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Q.16
(a) Mention the names of four principles of green chemistry.
(b) Write advantages of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in the field of energy sector.
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Q.17
(a) State second law of thermodynamics.
(b) Define - Nucleotides.
(c) Write chemical reaction for conversion of benzene diazonium chloride into benzene.
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Q.18 The solubility product of AgBr is 5.2×10–13. Calculate its solubility in mol dm–3 and g dm–3. (Molar mass of AgBr = 187.8 g mol–1)
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Q.19
Convert the following :
(a) Ethanol to ethoxyethane.
(b) Phenol to p-benzoquinone
(c) Salicylic acid to aspirin
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Q.20
(a) State Raoult’s law.
(b) Derive the relationship to determine molar mass of non volatile solute by depression of freezing point.
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Q.21
(a) Explain the formation of [CoF6]3– complex ion with respect to
(i) Oxidation State of Cobalt
(ii) Type of hybridisation
(iii) Magnetic property
(iv) Geometrical shape
(b) Write the name of ligand used to estimate hardness of water.
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Q.22
(a) Write cell reactions of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell at anode and cathode.
(b) Write an application of electrochemical series.
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Q.23
(a) Explain anomalous behaviour of oxygen with respect to
(i) Atomicity
(ii) Magnetic property
(iii) Oxidation state
(iv) Nature of hydride
(b) Write any two uses of helium.
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Q.24 What is the energy of activation of a reaction whose rate constant doubles when the temperature changes from 303 K to 313 K?
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Q.25
(a) Write chemical reactions taking place during extraction of iron in zone of reduction of the blast furnace.
(b) Write observed electronic configuration of gadolinium. (Z=64)
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Q.26
Convert the following :
(a) Acetic acid to ethyl alcohol
(b) Acetic acid to acetic anhydride
(c) Acetyl chloride to acetamide
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Q.27
(a) Define : (i) Co-ordination numbers
(ii) Ambidentate ligand
(b) Write a note on Clemmensen reduction of propanone.
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Q.28
(a) Derive relationship between ΔH and ΔU for a gaseous chemical reaction.
(b) Give reason – Ozone is a good bleaching agent.
(c) Write any two uses of SO2.
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Q.29
(a) Define - Polymorphism.
(b) State and explain Hess’s law of constant summation. Write its one application.
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Q.30
(a) 0.01 m aqueous formic acid solution freezes at – 0.021°C. Calculate its degree of dissociation. (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1)
(b) Write properties of interstitial compounds.
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Q.31
(a) What is the action of following reagents on Bromoethane?
(i) KNO2
(ii) ‘Mg’ metal
(iii) Silver acetate
(b) Draw structure - DDT insecticide.
Maharashtra HSC Chemistry Board Paper March 2025 with Solutions
Full paper →-
Q.1 (i) Schottky defect is NOT observed in _____.
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Q.1 (ii) The freezing point of 0.1m aqueous solution of urea, if \(K_f\) for water is 1.86 K kg mol−1 is _____.
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Q.1 (iii) Ozone layer is depleted by _____.
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Q.1 (iv) When excess of AgNO3 is added to a complex, one mole of AgCl is precipitated. The formula of complex is _____.
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Q.1 (v) The value of \(\Delta n_g\) for the oxidation of 4 mole of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide is _____.
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Q.1 (vi) One dimensional nanostructure amongst the following is _____.
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Q.1 (vii) Which formula co-relates degree of dissociation and concentration of electrolyte?
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Q.1 (viii) The highest acidic compound among the following is _____.
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Q.1 (ix) The formula used to calculate molar conductivity of an electrolyte is _____.
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Q.1 (x) Which of the following is a secondary amine?
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Q.2 (i) Write the structural formula of N, N-dimethylethanamine.
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Q.2 (ii) Write the reagents used for the reduction of carbonyl group in Clemmensen’s reduction.
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Q.2 (iii) Write the IUPAC name of isoprene.
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Q.2 (iv) The rate law equation for A → Product, is rate = k[A]x. What is the effect of increase in concentration of ‘A’ on rate of reaction, if x < 0?
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Q.2 (v) What is the molality of an aqueous solution of KBr having freezing point −3.72ºC (Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol−1)?
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Q.2 (vi) Write the balanced chemical equation, when excess of ammonia is treated with chlorine.
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Q.2 (vii) Write the number of donor atoms present in EDTA, during formation of complex.
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Q.2 (viii) Write the names of the metal elements in brass alloy.
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Q.3 Derive the relation between half life and rate constant for a first order reaction.
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Q.4 (a) State Henry’s law.
(b) Define : Osmotic pressure -
Q.5 Write the differences between lanthanoids and actinoids.
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Q.6 Write anomalous behaviour of oxygen with respect to :
(i) Atomicity
(ii) Oxidation state
(iii) Magnetic property
(iv) Nature of hydrides. -
Q.7 What is the action of :
(i) Liquid bromine in acetic acid on anisole.
(ii) Soda-lime on sodium acetate? -
Q.8 Calculate the work done in kJ in a reaction, if volume of the reactant decreases from 8 dm3 to 4 dm3 against 43 bar pressure. [ 1 dm3. bar = 100J ]
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Q.9 Explain ionization isomers with suitable example in complexes.
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Q.10 Write preparation of glucose from sucrose.
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Q.11 How many coulombs of electricity is required to produce 1g of sodium metal by reduction of sodium ion?
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Q.12 Write the structural formula and IUPAC name of the alcohol having molecular formula C4H10O which does not undergo oxidation under normal condition.
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Q.13 Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the following reaction and rewrite the complete reaction :
\(\mathrm{CH_3\text{-}CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow[Peroxide]{HBr} A \xrightarrow[-KBr]{alcoholic\ KCN} B}\)
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Q.14 Write the reaction for the preparation of :
(i) acetaldehyde by Rosenmund reaction.
(ii) benzaldehyde by Gatterman-Koch formylation. -
Q.15 Write the general electronic configuration of 3d series. Draw the structures of sulphuric acid and thiosulphuric acid.
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Q.16 Define conjugate acid-base pair. The hydroxyl ion concentration in aqueous solution of NaOH is 2 × 10−4 mol dm−3. Calculate pH of the solution.
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Q.17 What is atom economy? Explain any two applications of nanomaterials.
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Q.18 What is peptide bond? How is it formed? Write the name and formula of the reagent used to convert alkylhalide to nitroalkane.
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Q.19 (a) Write the reactions for the action of following reagents on phenol :
(i) Nitrating mixture
(ii) Zinc dust
(b) What is the action of phosphorous pentacholoride on ethyl methyl ether? -
Q.20 (a) Write the formula to calculate EAN.
(b) Explain formation of [Co(NH3)6]3+ complex ion with respect to :
(i) Type of hybridisation
(ii) Magnetic property -
Q.21 (a) Calculate spin only magnetic moment of M2+ ion. [ atomic number of M = 26 ]
(b) Write condensed electronic configuration of Gadolinium [ Z = 64 ]. -
Q.22 (a) Write the reducing agents used to convert Fe2O3 to ‘Fe’ in the reduction zone of blast furnace.
(b) Write chemical equations involved in :
(i) Carbylamine reaction for ethylamine.
(ii) Hoffmann Bromamide degradation for acetamide. -
Q.23 (a) Explain Cannizzaro’s reaction with the help of benzaldehyde.
(b) Write the reaction for the conversion of cyclohexene to adipic acid. -
Q.24 Define zero order reaction.
A reaction takes place in two steps :
(i) NO(g) + Cl2(g) → NOCl2(g)
(ii) NOCl2(g) + NO(g) → 2NOCl(g)
Write the overall reaction and identify the reaction intermediate. -
Q.25 \(\Delta H\) for formation of ethane gas is −84.4 kJ at 300 K. Calculate \(\Delta U\) for the reaction.
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Q.26 Mention the types of polymers formed on the basis of intermolecular forces. Write any two uses of low density polyethylene.
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Q.27 (a) An element with molar mass 27 g/mol forms a cubic unit cell with edge length 405 pm. If density of the crystal is 2.7 g cm−3, identify the type of unit cell.
(b) Derive the equation of Raoult’s law for binary solution containing non-volatile solute. -
Q.28 (a) State whether entropy change is positive or negative in the following examples :
(i) Melting of ice
(ii) Vaporisation of a liquid
(b) Explain ‘common ion effect’ with example. -
Q.29 Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a lead accumulator cell. Write the overall reactions taking place at cathode and anode during discharging of the cell.
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Q.30 (a) Define a unit cell. Which colour is shown by NaCl crystal due to formation of F-centre?
(b) Why does fluorine show anomalous behaviour in ‘17 group’ elements? -
Q.31 (a) Write salient features of SN2 mechanism.
(b) What is the action of following reagents on bromomethane :
(i) bromobenzene
(ii) mercurous fluoride
Maharashtra HSC Chemistry Board Paper July 2025 with Solutions
Full paper →-
Q.1 (i) Coordination number of atoms in bcc crystal lattice is _____.
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Q.1 (ii) The unit of Henry’s Law constant is _____.
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Q.1 (iii) pH of human blood is _____.
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Q.1 (iv) Ideal gas expands isothermally from 20 dm3 to 25 dm3 at constant pressure of 1.5 bar ; then work done in dm3 bar will be _____.
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Q.1 (v) Correct statement about electrolysis of aqueous NaCl is _____.
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Q.1 (vi) Rate constant of reaction is mole dm–3 sec–1, the order of reaction will be _____.
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Q.1 (vii) The correct possible general formula for interhalogen compound in the following is –
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Q.1 (viii) All radioactive elements are present in which of the following _____.
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Q.1 (ix) The metal used in preparation of Grignard reagent is _____.
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Q.1 (x) Which among the following is dicarboxylic acid –
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Q.2 (i) Write formula to calculate percent (%) atom economy of particular reaction.
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Q.2 (ii) Write name of monomer used to form nylon-6 polymer.
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Q.2 (iii) Write the total number of chiral carbon atoms present in glucose.
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Q.2 (iv) Complete the following reaction
CH3–C(=O)–NH2 + 4[H] —(Na/C2H5OH or LiAlH4, ether / H3O+)→ ? + H2O -
Q.2 (v) Write name of reagent used to convert phenol to Benzene.
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Q.2 (vi) Write IUPAC name for [Structure: a benzene ring carrying a –CO–CH3 (acetyl) group and, on the adjacent (ortho) carbon, a –Cl atom.]
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Q.2 (vii) Write oxidation state of ‘Fe’ in [Fe(CN)6]4– complex ion.
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Q.2 (viii) When 6.0 g of O2 reacts with ClF as per
2ClF(g) + O2(g) → Cl2O(g) + OF2(g)
The enthalpy change is 38.55 kJ. Calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction. -
Q.3 When gold crystallizes, it forms face-centered cubic cells. The unit cell edge length is 4 × 10–8 cm. Calculate the density of gold. Molar mass of gold is 197 g mol–1.
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Q.4 Define the following terms :
(a) Isotonic solution
(b) Colligative properties -
Q.5 A solution has hydrogen ion concentration 0.01 M. Calculate pOH of the same solution.
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Q.6 Derive the relation between ΔH and ΔU for gaseous phase reaction.
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Q.7 What is Salt bridge? Write the functions of salt bridge.
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Q.8 Distinguish between order and molecularity of a reaction.
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Q.9 Explain anomalous behaviour of Fluorine with respect to
(i) Oxyacid (ii) Nature of hydrides
(iii) Electronegativity (iv) Electron gain enthalpy -
Q.10 Balance the following chemical reactions.
(i) K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O + I2
(ii) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + H2S → K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O + 3S -
Q.11 Write IUPAC names of following co-ordination ion / compound.
(i) [Cu(NH3)4]2+
(ii) Na3[AlF6] -
Q.12 Complete the following reactions –
(i) CH3–CH=CH2 + HBr → ?
(ii) C2H5OH + SOCl2 —(Δ)→ ? -
Q.13 Write chemical reactions for the preparation of phenol from isopropyl benzene.
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Q.14 Write a note on Haloform reaction.
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Q.15 A mixture of benzene and toluene contains 30% by mass of toluene. At 30 °C, vapour pressure of pure toluene is 36.7 mmHg and that of pure benzene is 118.2 mmHg. Assuming that the two liquids form ideal solution, calculate partial pressure of each constituent in the above solution at 30 °C.
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Q.16 Define :
(i) Buffer solution
(ii) Solubility product
(iii) Common ion effect -
Q.17 Calculate maximum work done when 32 g of oxygen expanded isothermally and reversibly from pressure 2 bar to 1 bar at 298 K.
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Q.18 What is zero order reaction? Derive integrated rate law equation for zero order reaction.
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Q.19 (a) Write structures of :
(i) Chlorous acid
(ii) Perchloric acid
(b) Write uses of Helium -
Q.20 (a) What is Lanthanoid contraction?
(b) Compounds of ‘d’ block elements are coloured in solid state as well as in an aqueous state. Explain. -
Q.21 (a) Write the representation of sodium hexacyanoferrate (III)
(b) Write type of hybridization and magnetic behaviour of the following –
(i) [Co(NH3)6]3+
(ii) [NiCl4]2– -
Q.22 Convert – (Indicate by reaction)
(a) Acetic acid to ethyl acetate
(b) Acetaldehyde to acetaldoxime
(c) Acetone to propane -
Q.23 (a) What is the action of following on ethylamine –
(i) Hinsberg reagent
(ii) Nitrous acid
(b) Write increasing order of basicity for CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N -
Q.24 (a) What are monosaccharides?
(b) Draw Zwitter ion structure of α amino acid.
(c) Write name of components of the nucleotide monomers. -
Q.25 (a) Write chemical reaction for preparation of Teflon.
(b) Write structure of monomer of natural rubber.
(c) Give two uses of high density polyethene [HDP]. -
Q.26 Explain the following terms :
(a) Sustainable development
(b) Nanomaterial
(c) Name the gamma isomer of BHC. -
Q.27 (a) Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.
(b) Explain bleaching action of chlorine in the presence of moisture. -
Q.28 (a) Draw neat and labelled diagram of standard hydrogen electrode.
(b) Calculate e.m.f. of the following cell.
Mg | Mg++(aq) || Ag+(aq) | Ag
If E°Mg = –2.37 Volt and E°Ag = 0.8 Volt. -
Q.29 (a) State whether the following reaction is spontaneous or non spontaneous if ΔH = 50 kJ and ΔS = –130 JK–1 at 250 K.
(b) Explain optical activity in 2-chlorobutane.
(c) Write full name of DDT. -
Q.30 (a) Define Co-ordination number.
(b) Write note on Reimer-Tieman reaction.
(c) Write structural formula for methyl vinyl ether. -
Q.31 (a) Explain Aldol condensation reaction of ethanal.
(b) Write four properties of interstitial compounds of transition elements.